What is biodiversity?
(a) Diversity in human culture
(b) Variety of plant and animal species in an ecosystem
(c) Diversity in climatic conditions
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b)

What is the role of plants, animals, and microorganisms in the ecosystem?
(a) They deplete resources
(b) They maintain air, water, and soil quality
(c) They create barriers in the food chain
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b)

What percentage of India’s total forest area is classified as reserved forests?
(a) 50%
(b) 30%
(c) 10%
(d) 60%
Answer: (a)

What is the primary aim of Project Tiger?
(a) Increase forest area
(b) Conserve biodiversity
(c) Protect tiger populations and their habitats
(d) Promote tourism
Answer: (c)

Which tree is worshiped by the tribals of Odisha and Bihar?
(a) Banyan
(b) Peepal
(c) Tamarind
(d) Mango
Answer: (c)

What is the main focus of Joint Forest Management (JFM)?
(a) Conserving wildlife
(b) Restoring degraded forests with community participation
(c) Promoting agriculture
(d) Increasing timber production
Answer: (b)

What is a sacred grove?
(a) Government-protected forest
(b) Forest untouched due to religious beliefs
(c) Area for medicinal plant cultivation
(d) A national park
Answer: (b)

What does the Chipko Movement signify?
(a) Protest against mining
(b) Community afforestation and opposition to deforestation
(c) Conservation of wildlife
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b)

Which of the following is NOT a protected species under the Wildlife Protection Act?
(a) Blackbuck
(b) Peacock
(c) Crow
(d) Indian Bustard
Answer: (c)

Which is the largest tiger reserve in India?
(a) Corbett National Park
(b) Manas Tiger Reserve
(c) Sundarbans National Park
(d) Bandhavgarh National Park
Answer: (c)

Which of the following is an endangered species in India?
(a) Gharial
(b) House Sparrow
(c) Goat
(d) Rabbit
Answer: (a)

What is the purpose of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act of 1972?
(a) Encouraging hunting for sport
(b) Protecting endangered species and their habitats
(c) Promoting trade in animal products
(d) Increasing forest depletion
Answer: (b)

What are reserved forests primarily used for?
(a) Housing projects
(b) Agriculture
(c) Timber and forest conservation
(d) Mining activities
Answer: (c)

Which state in India has the largest area under permanent forests?
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Kerala
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Odisha
Answer: (a)

What is the main objective of the Beej Bachao Andolan?
(a) Protecting water bodies
(b) Preserving traditional seeds
(c) Increasing biodiversity in urban areas
(d) Promoting tourism
Answer: (b)

What are unclassed forests?
(a) Forests owned by private individuals and communities
(b) Forests owned solely by the government
(c) Forests protected under the Wildlife Act
(d) Reserved forests
Answer: (a)

Which movement resisted deforestation in the Himalayas?
(a) Sariska Movement
(b) Chipko Movement
(c) Silent Valley Protest
(d) Wildlife Protection Movement
Answer: (b)

What are the benefits of Joint Forest Management (JFM) to local communities?
(a) Ownership of forest lands
(b) Economic benefits from non-timber produce
(c) Rights to hunt wildlife
(d) Complete control over timber trade
Answer: (b)

In which state is the Kaziranga National Park located?
(a) West Bengal
(b) Assam
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Kerala
Answer: (b)

What role do sacred groves play in biodiversity conservation?
(a) Act as tourist spots
(b) Prevent forest encroachments by humans
(c) Protect rare and diverse species through traditional beliefs
(d) Provide areas for commercial logging
Answer: (c)

What is the primary goal of biodiversity conservation?
(a) Increase human settlements
(b) Preserve genetic diversity and ecological systems
(c) Promote industries near forests
(d) Reduce vegetation
Answer: (b)

Which species is protected under Project Tiger?
(a) Asiatic lion
(b) Bengal tiger
(c) Blackbuck
(d) Leopard
Answer: (b)

Which of these is NOT a national park in India?
(a) Manas National Park
(b) Sundarbans National Park
(c) Yellowstone National Park
(d) Bandhavgarh National Park
Answer: (c)

What is the key feature of the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972?
(a) Issuing hunting licenses
(b) Establishing wildlife sanctuaries and national parks
(c) Promoting commercial trade in wildlife products
(d) Deforestation for development
Answer: (b)

Which species has received full legal protection against hunting in India?
(a) Snow Leopard
(b) Crow
(c) House Cat
(d) Eagle
Answer: (a)

What does the term “biotype” refer to in conservation?
(a) A type of organism
(b) A specific environment with unique biodiversity
(c) A type of forest produce
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b)

In which state is the Silent Valley located?
(a) Tamil Nadu
(b) Kerala
(c) Andhra Pradesh
(d) Maharashtra
Answer: (b)

What is the role of forests in the ecological system?
(a) Primary producers supporting other species
(b) Commercial suppliers of timber only
(c) Only a habitat for animals
(d) No significant role
Answer: (a)

Which year was the Wildlife Protection Act implemented in India?
(a) 1965
(b) 1972
(c) 1980
(d) 1990
Answer: (b)

What is the main reason for the depletion of tiger populations?
(a) Habitat expansion
(b) Poaching and habitat destruction
(c) Overpopulation of tigers
(d) Inadequate prey
Answer: (b)

What is the significance of the Indian elephant in conservation efforts?
(a) It has no legal protection
(b) It symbolizes the balance between nature and wildlife
(c) It is only important for tourism
(d) It is not an endangered species
Answer: (b)

Which is the main reason for the establishment of national parks and sanctuaries?
(a) Encourage commercial logging
(b) Protect biodiversity and wildlife habitats
(c) Promote urban development
(d) Create spaces for recreation
Answer: (b)

Which species is native to Kaziranga National Park?
(a) Bengal Tiger
(b) One-horned Rhinoceros
(c) Asiatic Lion
(d) Indian Pangolin
Answer: (b)

What are the primary threats to biodiversity in India?
(a) Deforestation, poaching, and industrialization
(b) Excessive rainfall and erosion
(c) Strict wildlife laws
(d) Excessive afforestation
Answer: (a)

What was the primary aim of the Chipko Movement?
(a) Promote mining activities
(b) Save trees by hugging them
(c) Protect wildlife from poaching
(d) Create space for industries
Answer: (b)

Which of the following species is NOT included in Project Tiger?
(a) Bengal Tiger
(b) Snow Leopard
(c) Leopard
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b)

What is the focus of Project Elephant in India?
(a) Encourage elephant hunting
(b) Protect elephants and their habitats
(c) Increase trade in ivory
(d) Train elephants for forest work
Answer: (b)

Which wildlife species is specifically protected under the Wildlife Act for its medicinal value?
(a) Gharial
(b) Tiger
(c) Indian Pangolin
(d) Great Indian Bustard
Answer: (b)

What is the significance of sacred groves?
(a) They are hunting reserves
(b) They preserve biodiversity through traditional beliefs
(c) They are areas of mining activity
(d) They serve as commercial timber sources
Answer: (b)

What is the role of local communities in Joint Forest Management (JFM)?
(a) Deforestation for agriculture
(b) Protecting and restoring forests in exchange for benefits
(c) Creating new wildlife sanctuaries
(d) Selling protected animals
Answer: (b)

Which of the following is an example of a tiger reserve?
(a) Gir National Park
(b) Sundarbans National Park
(c) Keoladeo National Park
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b)

Which national park is famous for the snow leopard?
(a) Hemis National Park
(b) Kaziranga National Park
(c) Corbett National Park
(d) Ranthambore National Park
Answer: (a)

What is the primary feature of protected forests?
(a) Complete ban on human activities
(b) Prevention of further depletion
(c) Allowing hunting in designated areas
(d) Promoting tourism activities
Answer: (b)

What is the main focus of biodiversity conservation today?
(a) Conserving only larger animals
(b) Protecting a wide range of species, including insects
(c) Focusing on forest produce
(d) Increasing genetic modification
Answer: (b)

What was the primary reason behind the depletion of India’s tiger population in the 20th century?
(a) Climate change
(b) Poaching and trade in tiger parts
(c) Overgrazing by cattle
(d) Urbanization
Answer: (b)

What does the term “permanent forest estates” refer to?
(a) Forests meant for tourism
(b) Forests reserved for producing timber and protective purposes
(c) Private forests owned by communities
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b)

Which of the following species is found in Gir National Park?
(a) Asiatic Lion
(b) Tiger
(c) Snow Leopard
(d) One-horned Rhinoceros
Answer: (a)

Which Indian state has the highest percentage of unclassed forests?
(a) Assam
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Gujarat
(d) Nagaland
Answer: (d)

What is the purpose of the Beej Bachao Andolan?
(a) Conservation of traditional seeds
(b) Conservation of water resources
(c) Protecting wildlife
(d) Preventing urbanization
Answer: (a)

What type of conservation is encouraged by nature worship?
(a) Scientific conservation
(b) Community-driven conservation
(c) Government-only efforts
(d) Commercial afforestation
Answer: (b)

What does the term “flora and fauna” refer to?
(a) Soil and minerals
(b) Plant and animal species
(c) Climatic conditions
(d) Natural disasters
Answer: (b)

What is the primary goal of wildlife sanctuaries?
(a) Encourage logging
(b) Protect specific species and habitats
(c) Promote urbanization
(d) Generate revenue from tourism
Answer: (b)

Which tree is worshipped by the Mundas and Santhals in the Chota Nagpur region?
(a) Peepal
(b) Kadamba
(c) Tamarind
(d) Banyan
Answer: (b)

Which state is known for the Sariska Tiger Reserve?
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Kerala
(d) Uttarakhand
Answer: (b)

Which Indian national park is home to the endangered Great Indian Bustard?
(a) Keoladeo National Park
(b) Sundarbans National Park
(c) Kaziranga National Park
(d) Bandipur National Park
Answer: (a)

What is the primary benefit of community afforestation programs?
(a) Reducing biodiversity
(b) Sustainable forest management and livelihood opportunities
(c) Promoting urban development
(d) Increasing mining activities
Answer: (b)

Which wildlife species is commonly associated with the Bishnoi community in Rajasthan?
(a) Blackbuck
(b) Tiger
(c) Gharial
(d) Indian Pangolin
Answer: (a)

What is the major focus of the Wildlife Protection Act?
(a) Encouraging traditional hunting practices
(b) Protecting biodiversity and regulating trade in wildlife products
(c) Promoting commercial forestry
(d) Restricting tourism activities
Answer: (b)

What percentage of India’s forest land is protected forest?
(a) 10%
(b) 30%
(c) 50%
(d) 70%
Answer: (b)

Which conservation initiative focuses on the snow leopard?
(a) Project Tiger
(b) Project Leopard
(c) Himalayan Snow Leopard Initiative
(d) None of the above
Answer: (c)

What is the key characteristic of unclassed forests?
(a) Owned by the central government
(b) Owned by private individuals or local communities
(c) Reserved exclusively for timber production
(d) National park areas
Answer: (b)

Which movement highlighted the role of women in forest conservation?
(a) Narmada Bachao Andolan
(b) Chipko Movement
(c) Beej Bachao Andolan
(d) Green Revolution
Answer: (b)

What is the role of forests in the water cycle?
(a) Reduce rainfall
(b) Promote soil erosion
(c) Maintain groundwater levels and prevent flooding
(d) None of the above
Answer: (c)

What type of forest land is most valuable for wildlife conservation?
(a) Unclassed forests
(b) Reserved forests
(c) Protected forests
(d) Agricultural lands
Answer: (b)

Which national park is located in West Bengal?
(a) Bandipur National Park
(b) Sundarbans National Park
(c) Ranthambore National Park
(d) Periyar National Park
Answer: (b)

What does the term “genetic diversity” mean?
(a) Variations in landforms
(b) Variations in the genetic makeup of plants and animals
(c) The study of genes
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b)

What was the aim of the Wildlife Protection Act notifications in 1980 and 1986?
(a) Regulate timber trade
(b) Add insects and plants to the list of protected species
(c) Develop tourism in forest areas
(d) Promote urban development
Answer: (b)

Which movement is associated with opposition to mining in Sariska Tiger Reserve?
(a) Silent Valley Movement
(b) Bishnoi Movement
(c) Sariska Movement
(d) Green Peace Movement
Answer: (c)

Which national park is located in Kerala?
(a) Ranthambore National Park
(b) Periyar National Park
(c) Hemis National Park
(d) Sundarbans National Park
Answer: (b)

Which of the following is NOT a forest management strategy?
(a) Joint Forest Management (JFM)
(b) Sacred groves
(c) Industrial farming
(d) Wildlife sanctuaries
Answer: (c)

Which tiger reserve is located in Uttarakhand?
(a) Bandhavgarh National Park
(b) Corbett National Park
(c) Sariska Tiger Reserve
(d) Kaziranga National Park
Answer: (b)

What does the term “biotic resource” refer to?
(a) Non-living resources
(b) Living resources like plants and animals
(c) Only microorganisms
(d) Fossil fuels
Answer: (b)

Which forest conservation initiative began in Odisha in 1988?
(a) Chipko Movement
(b) Joint Forest Management (JFM)
(c) Project Elephant
(d) Project Tiger
Answer: (b)

Which species is protected under Project Elephant?
(a) Asiatic Elephant
(b) Asiatic Lion
(c) Snow Leopard
(d) Gharial
Answer: (a)

What is the primary role of national parks in India?
(a) Urban development
(b) Protection of ecosystems and biodiversity
(c) Increasing agricultural production
(d) Promoting mining
Answer: (b)

Which forest type is considered the most valuable for the conservation of wildlife resources?
(a) Unclassed forests
(b) Reserved forests
(c) Protected forests
(d) Mangrove forests
Answer: (b)

What is the primary threat to biodiversity in India?
(a) Urban development and deforestation
(b) Conservation policies
(c) Lack of tourism
(d) Traditional farming practices
Answer: (a)

Which of the following is NOT a protected species in India?
(a) Blackbuck
(b) Great Indian Bustard
(c) Crow
(d) Snow Leopard
Answer: (c)

What does the term “ecosystem” refer to?
(a) A community of living organisms and their interactions with the environment
(b) A government forest initiative
(c) Only plants in a given area
(d) Urban and industrial development
Answer: (a)

Which Indian state is famous for the Chipko Movement?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Uttarakhand
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Kerala
Answer: (b)

What is the primary purpose of sacred groves in India?
(a) Promote tourism
(b) Conserve biodiversity through traditional beliefs
(c) Encourage hunting
(d) Generate timber revenue
Answer: (b)

Which river delta is home to the Sundarbans National Park?
(a) Ganga-Brahmaputra
(b) Mahanadi
(c) Godavari
(d) Krishna
Answer: (a)

What is the purpose of including plants in the Wildlife Protection Act of 1991?
(a) For genetic engineering
(b) To protect endangered plant species
(c) To promote commercial farming
(d) To allow medicinal trade
Answer: (b)

Which forest type is managed jointly by local communities and the government?
(a) Reserved forests
(b) Unclassed forests
(c) Joint Forest Management forests
(d) Protected forests
Answer: (c)

Which tiger reserve is located in Assam?
(a) Bandhavgarh National Park
(b) Manas Tiger Reserve
(c) Sariska Tiger Reserve
(d) Periyar Tiger Reserve
Answer: (b)

What is a significant challenge for biodiversity conservation in India?
(a) Climate stabilization
(b) Population pressure and habitat destruction
(c) Effective environmental policies
(d) Overproduction of forests
Answer: (b)

Which of the following is an example of a protected forest?
(a) Wildlife sanctuary
(b) Government-managed forest area with restrictions on depletion
(c) Unregulated forest land
(d) Area for timber extraction
Answer: (b)

What does the Beej Bachao Andolan focus on?
(a) Wildlife protection
(b) Soil conservation
(c) Preserving traditional seed varieties
(d) Urban development
Answer: (c)

Which wildlife species is primarily found in the Gir National Park?
(a) Asiatic Lion
(b) Bengal Tiger
(c) One-horned Rhinoceros
(d) Great Indian Bustard
Answer: (a)

What is the primary reason for creating national parks and wildlife sanctuaries?
(a) Urbanization
(b) Conservation of biodiversity and ecosystems
(c) Timber production
(d) Industrial growth
Answer: (b)

What is the primary focus of forest management under the Wildlife Protection Act?
(a) Economic development
(b) Regeneration and preservation of ecosystems
(c) Mining and timber extraction
(d) Urban expansion
Answer: (b)

Which national park is a part of the Himalayan biodiversity hotspot?
(a) Hemis National Park
(b) Kaziranga National Park
(c) Gir National Park
(d) Periyar National Park
Answer: (a)

What role do forests play in preventing soil erosion?
(a) They promote erosion
(b) Their roots stabilize the soil
(c) They block water flow
(d) They remove vegetation
Answer: (b)

Which wildlife sanctuary is located in Rajasthan?
(a) Corbett National Park
(b) Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary
(c) Sundarbans National Park
(d) Kaziranga National Park
Answer: (b)

What is a critical benefit of biodiversity conservation?
(a) Increased hunting opportunities
(b) Sustaining ecosystems and ensuring survival of species
(c) Promoting deforestation
(d) Generating commercial timber
Answer: (b)

What is the primary goal of Project Tiger?
(a) Increase timber production
(b) Protect tiger populations and their habitats
(c) Promote tiger trade
(d) Develop tourism around tiger reserves
Answer: (b)

Which tree is considered sacred by many Indian communities?
(a) Neem
(b) Peepal
(c) Bamboo
(d) Pine
Answer: (b)

What is the main role of biodiversity in agriculture?
(a) Introducing synthetic chemicals
(b) Preserving genetic diversity in crops
(c) Promoting monoculture farming
(d) Urban development
Answer: (b)

Which national park is located in Madhya Pradesh?
(a) Gir National Park
(b) Bandhavgarh National Park
(c) Kaziranga National Park
(d) Sundarbans National Park
Answer: (b)

What is the key message of the Chipko Movement?
(a) Encourage logging
(b) Conserve forests and oppose deforestation
(c) Promote wildlife trade
(d) Develop industrial zones
Answer: (b)