
Carbon and its Compounds
What is the percentage of carbon present in the Earth’s crust?
a) 0.02%
b) 0.03%
c) 2%
d) 3%
Answer: a) 0.02%Carbon achieves noble gas configuration by:
a) Gaining four electrons
b) Losing four electrons
c) Sharing four electrons
d) Donating four electrons
Answer: c) Sharing four electronsWhat is the atomic number of carbon?
a) 4
b) 6
c) 8
d) 10
Answer: b) 6Covalent bonds are formed by:
a) Transfer of electrons
b) Sharing of electrons
c) Exchange of protons
d) Loss of neutrons
Answer: b) Sharing of electronsThe electron dot structure of hydrogen (H₂) represents:
a) A triple bond
b) A single bond
c) A double bond
d) No bond
Answer: b) A single bondDiamond is:
a) A poor conductor of electricity
b) A good conductor of electricity
c) Highly malleable
d) Very reactive
Answer: a) A poor conductor of electricityGraphite is a:
a) Non-metal
b) Poor conductor of electricity
c) Very reactive substance
d) Good conductor of electricity
Answer: d) Good conductor of electricityFullerenes are:
a) Allotropes of carbon
b) Compounds of hydrogen
c) Ionic compounds
d) Metals
Answer: a) Allotropes of carbonWhat property enables carbon to form a large number of compounds?
a) High atomic mass
b) Catenation
c) Low reactivity
d) Ionic bonding
Answer: b) CatenationCompounds with single bonds between carbon atoms are called:
a) Alkanes
b) Alkenes
c) Alkynes
d) Aromatics
Answer: a) AlkanesWhat is the molecular formula of methane?
a) CH
b) CH₄
c) C₂H₆
d) C₃H₈
Answer: b) CH₄Carbon-carbon double bonds are found in:
a) Alkanes
b) Alkenes
c) Alkynes
d) Saturated hydrocarbons
Answer: b) AlkenesWhat is the general formula of alkanes?
a) CnH₂n
b) CnH₂n+2
c) CnH₂n-2
d) CnH₂nO₂
Answer: b) CnH₂n+2What is the structure of benzene?
a) Straight chain
b) Branched chain
c) Ring
d) Tetrahedral
Answer: c) RingWhich of these is a functional group?
a) —OH
b) —H₂
c) —CH₂
d) —C
Answer: a) —OHAlcohols have the functional group:
a) —COOH
b) —OH
c) —CHO
d) —CO
Answer: b) —OHWhich of the following is an aldehyde?
a) Ethanol
b) Ethanal
c) Ethanoic acid
d) Methane
Answer: b) EthanalThe formula for ethanoic acid is:
a) CH₃COOH
b) CH₄
c) C₂H₅OH
d) C₃H₆
Answer: a) CH₃COOHSaturated hydrocarbons are also known as:
a) Alkanes
b) Alkenes
c) Alkynes
d) Aromatic compounds
Answer: a) AlkanesEthanol reacts with sodium to form:
a) Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen
b) Sodium hydroxide and water
c) Sodium carbonate and oxygen
d) Sodium acetate and carbon dioxide
Answer: a) Sodium ethoxide and hydrogenThe reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid produces:
a) A ketone
b) An ester
c) An aldehyde
d) A hydrocarbon
Answer: b) An esterThe process of hydrogenation involves:
a) Addition of oxygen
b) Addition of hydrogen
c) Removal of hydrogen
d) Removal of oxygen
Answer: b) Addition of hydrogenCombustion of methane produces:
a) CO₂ and H₂O
b) CO and O₂
c) H₂ and CH₄
d) CO and H₂O
Answer: a) CO₂ and H₂OThe melting point of ethanoic acid is:
a) 290 K
b) 273 K
c) 250 K
d) 298 K
Answer: a) 290 KThe term “micelle” refers to:
a) A ring of hydrocarbons
b) A cluster of soap molecules
c) An ion formed in hard water
d) A solvent mixture
Answer: b) A cluster of soap moleculesWhat type of reaction occurs when ethanol reacts with sodium?
a) Substitution
b) Oxidation
c) Neutralization
d) Displacement
Answer: d) DisplacementThe boiling point of ethanol is:
a) 156 K
b) 351 K
c) 391 K
d) 290 K
Answer: b) 351 KWhat is the functional group of ketones?
a) —OH
b) —CO
c) —CHO
d) —COOH
Answer: b) —COUnsaturated hydrocarbons have:
a) Single bonds only
b) Double or triple bonds
c) Ionic bonds
d) Hydrogen bonds
Answer: b) Double or triple bondsWhich of these is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
a) Ethane
b) Ethene
c) Methane
d) Propane
Answer: b) EtheneWhich of the following is a test for saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?
a) Bromine water test
b) Litmus paper test
c) Lime water test
d) Benedict’s test
Answer: a) Bromine water testWhat are the products of the combustion of ethanol?
a) CO₂ and H₂O
b) CO and O₂
c) H₂ and CO₂
d) H₂O and CH₄
Answer: a) CO₂ and H₂OWhich element is always present in organic compounds?
a) Carbon
b) Nitrogen
c) Sulfur
d) Phosphorus
Answer: a) CarbonWhich of the following is a carboxylic acid?
a) CH₃COOH
b) CH₄
c) C₂H₆
d) CH₃CH₂OH
Answer: a) CH₃COOHWhat is saponification?
a) Conversion of an ester into soap
b) Formation of ethanol from sugar
c) Addition of hydrogen to oils
d) Removal of water from alcohol
Answer: a) Conversion of an ester into soapWhich of the following is a characteristic property of covalent compounds?
a) High melting points
b) Conduct electricity
c) Poor conductors of electricity
d) Form strong electrolytes
Answer: c) Poor conductors of electricityThe term “denatured alcohol” refers to ethanol mixed with:
a) Methanol
b) Water
c) Acetic acid
d) Sodium chloride
Answer: a) MethanolWhich catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of vegetable oils?
a) Platinum
b) Nickel
c) Palladium
d) Copper
Answer: b) NickelWhat is the electron dot structure for methane?
a) Four hydrogen atoms surrounding one carbon atom
b) Two carbon atoms joined by a triple bond
c) A hexagonal structure with alternating double bonds
d) Three hydrogen atoms surrounding one nitrogen atom
Answer: a) Four hydrogen atoms surrounding one carbon atomWhich of the following is an allotrope of carbon?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Diamond
c) Carbon monoxide
d) Carbonate
Answer: b) DiamondWhat is the general formula for alkenes?
a) CnH₂n+2
b) CnH₂n
c) CnH₂n-2
d) CnH₂nO
Answer: b) CnH₂nWhich compound is used as a preservative in pickles?
a) Ethanoic acid
b) Ethanol
c) Propane
d) Methane
Answer: a) Ethanoic acidWhich of the following hydrocarbons undergoes addition reactions?
a) C₂H₆
b) C₃H₈
c) C₃H₆
d) CH₄
Answer: c) C₃H₆What does the term “vital force” refer to in the history of organic chemistry?
a) A mystical force required to synthesize organic compounds
b) The force binding covalent bonds
c) The energy released during combustion
d) The property of forming salts
Answer: a) A mystical force required to synthesize organic compoundsWhat type of bond is present in ethyne?
a) Single bond
b) Double bond
c) Triple bond
d) Ionic bond
Answer: c) Triple bondWhich of the following is a homologous series?
a) Ethanol, ethanoic acid, methanoic acid
b) Methane, ethane, propane
c) Benzene, ethene, acetylene
d) Water, hydrogen peroxide, ozone
Answer: b) Methane, ethane, propaneWhich of these is a property of diamond?
a) Good conductor of heat and electricity
b) Hardest natural substance
c) Composed of hexagonal rings
d) Formed by weak covalent bonds
Answer: b) Hardest natural substanceThe gas evolved when ethanol reacts with sodium is:
a) Hydrogen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Methane
d) Ethane
Answer: a) HydrogenWhich of the following is an esterification reaction?
a) Acid + Alcohol → Ester + Water
b) Acid + Base → Salt + Water
c) Hydrocarbon + Oxygen → CO₂ + H₂O
d) Alkene + Hydrogen → Alkane
Answer: a) Acid + Alcohol → Ester + WaterWhich of the following compounds has the highest boiling point?
a) Methane
b) Ethanol
c) Ethanoic acid
d) Propane
Answer: c) Ethanoic acidWhat type of hydrocarbon is ethene?
a) Alkane
b) Alkene
c) Alkyne
d) Aromatic hydrocarbon
Answer: b) AlkeneWhat is the structure of graphite?
a) Tetrahedral arrangement of carbon atoms
b) Layers of hexagonal rings
c) Closed cage-like structure
d) Cubic arrangement of carbon atoms
Answer: b) Layers of hexagonal ringsWhich of these is a saturated hydrocarbon?
a) Methane
b) Ethene
c) Ethyne
d) Benzene
Answer: a) MethaneWhich compound has the formula C₂H₅OH?
a) Methanol
b) Ethanol
c) Propanol
d) Ethanoic acid
Answer: b) EthanolWhat does an aldehyde functional group contain?
a) —OH
b) —CHO
c) —CO
d) —COOH
Answer: b) —CHOThe chemical formula of butane is:
a) C₄H₆
b) C₄H₈
c) C₄H₁₀
d) C₄H₄
Answer: c) C₄H₁₀What happens when a hydrocarbon undergoes combustion?
a) It forms oxygen
b) It releases water and carbon dioxide
c) It produces nitrogen gas
d) It absorbs energy
Answer: b) It releases water and carbon dioxideWhich property of carbon allows it to form millions of compounds?
a) High reactivity
b) Large atomic size
c) Ability to catenate
d) Metallic character
Answer: c) Ability to catenateHow many covalent bonds are present in ethane (C₂H₆)?
a) 6
b) 7
c) 8
d) 9
Answer: d) 9The test for carbon dioxide involves:
a) Turning limewater milky
b) Using red litmus paper
c) Using bromine water
d) Observing blue flame
Answer: a) Turning limewater milkyWhat type of bond exists in ethyne?
a) Single bond
b) Double bond
c) Triple bond
d) Hydrogen bond
Answer: c) Triple bondWhat is the general formula for alkynes?
a) CnH₂n+2
b) CnH₂n
c) CnH₂n-2
d) CnH₂nO₂
Answer: c) CnH₂n-2Which compound is known as glacial acetic acid?
a) Ethanol
b) Ethanoic acid
c) Propanoic acid
d) Methanoic acid
Answer: b) Ethanoic acidThe formula of cyclohexane is:
a) C₅H₁₀
b) C₆H₁₂
c) C₇H₁₄
d) C₆H₆
Answer: b) C₆H₁₂Which compound is commonly used as a fuel in LPG?
a) Propane
b) Methane
c) Ethane
d) Ethanol
Answer: a) PropaneWhich of the following is an ionic compound?
a) Ethanol
b) Sodium chloride
c) Methane
d) Ethanoic acid
Answer: b) Sodium chlorideWhy is graphite a good conductor of electricity?
a) It has free ions
b) It contains delocalized electrons
c) It has ionic bonds
d) It contains free protons
Answer: b) It contains delocalized electronsWhich property is not associated with carbon compounds?
a) High melting points
b) Covalent bonding
c) Poor electrical conductivity
d) Catenation
Answer: a) High melting pointsThe process of converting vegetable oil into solid fat is called:
a) Combustion
b) Saponification
c) Hydrogenation
d) Esterification
Answer: c) HydrogenationEthanol can be converted to ethene by:
a) Oxidation
b) Reduction
c) Dehydration
d) Hydrogenation
Answer: c) DehydrationWhich compound is used in perfumes due to its sweet smell?
a) Alcohol
b) Ester
c) Ketone
d) Acid
Answer: b) EsterWhat is formed when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate?
a) Hydrogen
b) Oxygen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Methane
Answer: c) Carbon dioxideWhat is the main component of biogas?
a) Ethane
b) Propane
c) Methane
d) Butane
Answer: c) MethaneWhich of the following hydrocarbons is aromatic?
a) Methane
b) Ethene
c) Benzene
d) Propane
Answer: c) BenzeneWhat is the IUPAC name for CH₃CHO?
a) Methanal
b) Ethanal
c) Propanal
d) Ethanol
Answer: b) EthanalWhich compound has a triple bond between carbon atoms?
a) Methane
b) Ethyne
c) Ethene
d) Propane
Answer: b) EthyneWhat is the functional group in carboxylic acids?
a) —OH
b) —CHO
c) —COOH
d) —CO
Answer: c) —COOHWhat is the common name of ethanoic acid?
a) Vinegar
b) Alcohol
c) Acetone
d) Methane
Answer: a) VinegarWhat is the name of the simplest hydrocarbon?
a) Ethane
b) Methane
c) Propane
d) Butane
Answer: b) MethaneWhich reaction involves the replacement of a hydrogen atom with chlorine in sunlight?
a) Substitution reaction
b) Addition reaction
c) Dehydration reaction
d) Oxidation reaction
Answer: a) Substitution reactionWhich of the following compounds forms micelles?
a) Soap
b) Ethanol
c) Acetic acid
d) Methane
Answer: a) SoapWhich compound contains only carbon and hydrogen?
a) Hydrocarbon
b) Alcohol
c) Ester
d) Carboxylic acid
Answer: a) HydrocarbonWhy is agitation necessary in washing clothes?
a) To increase the foam formation
b) To remove dirt from the fabric
c) To neutralize the soap
d) To dry the clothes faster
Answer: b) To remove dirt from the fabricWhich is a feature of detergents?
a) They are ineffective in hard water
b) They form scum in water
c) They are sodium salts of sulphonic acids
d) They are salts of long-chain carboxylic acids
Answer: c) They are sodium salts of sulphonic acidsThe sweet smell of esters is used in:
a) Fuels
b) Perfumes
c) Soaps
d) Detergents
Answer: b) PerfumesThe functional group of alcohol is:
a) —OH
b) —CHO
c) —COOH
d) —CO
Answer: a) —OHWhich of the following is not a characteristic of covalent compounds?
a) Low boiling points
b) Poor electrical conductivity
c) High melting points
d) Solubility in organic solvents
Answer: c) High melting pointsWhat is the formula for propane?
a) C₃H₈
b) C₂H₆
c) CH₄
d) C₄H₁₀
Answer: a) C₃H₈What is an allotrope of carbon?
a) Ethanol
b) Methane
c) Graphite
d) Carbon dioxide
Answer: c) GraphiteWhat does a homologous series have in common?
a) Same functional group
b) Same boiling points
c) Same molecular mass
d) Same physical state
Answer: a) Same functional groupWhat is the molecular formula for ethanoic acid?
a) CH₃COOH
b) C₂H₆
c) C₂H₅OH
d) CH₄
Answer: a) CH₃COOHThe addition of hydrogen to ethene forms:
a) Ethyne
b) Ethanol
c) Ethane
d) Methane
Answer: c) EthaneWhat is the formula for butyne?
a) C₄H₆
b) C₄H₈
c) C₄H₁₀
d) C₄H₄
Answer: a) C₄H₆What is the main use of ethanol in industry?
a) As a fuel
b) As a solvent
c) As a food preservative
d) As an oxidizing agent
Answer: b) As a solventWhat type of reaction is hydrogenation?
a) Substitution
b) Oxidation
c) Addition
d) Reduction
Answer: c) AdditionWhich of the following is not a fossil fuel?
a) Methane
b) Petroleum
c) Coal
d) Ethanol
Answer: d) EthanolWhich test is used to identify ethanoic acid?
a) Litmus paper test
b) Bromine water test
c) Limewater test
d) Reaction with sodium bicarbonate
Answer: d) Reaction with sodium bicarbonateWhat is the hybridization of carbon in methane?
a) sp
b) sp²
c) sp³
d) sp³d
Answer: c) sp³Which hydrocarbon has the formula C₂H₂?
a) Ethene
b) Ethyne
c) Ethane
d) Methane
Answer: b) EthyneThe sodium salt of a long-chain carboxylic acid is:
a) Detergent
b) Soap
c) Ester
d) Hydrocarbon
Answer: b) Soap