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Carbon and its Compounds

Carbon and its Compounds

 

    1. What is the percentage of carbon present in the Earth’s crust?
      a) 0.02%
      b) 0.03%
      c) 2%
      d) 3%
      Answer: a) 0.02%

    2. Carbon achieves noble gas configuration by:
      a) Gaining four electrons
      b) Losing four electrons
      c) Sharing four electrons
      d) Donating four electrons
      Answer: c) Sharing four electrons

    3. What is the atomic number of carbon?
      a) 4
      b) 6
      c) 8
      d) 10
      Answer: b) 6

    4. Covalent bonds are formed by:
      a) Transfer of electrons
      b) Sharing of electrons
      c) Exchange of protons
      d) Loss of neutrons
      Answer: b) Sharing of electrons

    5. The electron dot structure of hydrogen (H₂) represents:
      a) A triple bond
      b) A single bond
      c) A double bond
      d) No bond
      Answer: b) A single bond

    6. Diamond is:
      a) A poor conductor of electricity
      b) A good conductor of electricity
      c) Highly malleable
      d) Very reactive
      Answer: a) A poor conductor of electricity

    7. Graphite is a:
      a) Non-metal
      b) Poor conductor of electricity
      c) Very reactive substance
      d) Good conductor of electricity
      Answer: d) Good conductor of electricity

    8. Fullerenes are:
      a) Allotropes of carbon
      b) Compounds of hydrogen
      c) Ionic compounds
      d) Metals
      Answer: a) Allotropes of carbon

    9. What property enables carbon to form a large number of compounds?
      a) High atomic mass
      b) Catenation
      c) Low reactivity
      d) Ionic bonding
      Answer: b) Catenation

    10. Compounds with single bonds between carbon atoms are called:
      a) Alkanes
      b) Alkenes
      c) Alkynes
      d) Aromatics
      Answer: a) Alkanes

    11. What is the molecular formula of methane?
      a) CH
      b) CH₄
      c) C₂H₆
      d) C₃H₈
      Answer: b) CH₄

    12. Carbon-carbon double bonds are found in:
      a) Alkanes
      b) Alkenes
      c) Alkynes
      d) Saturated hydrocarbons
      Answer: b) Alkenes

    13. What is the general formula of alkanes?
      a) CnH₂n
      b) CnH₂n+2
      c) CnH₂n-2
      d) CnH₂nO₂
      Answer: b) CnH₂n+2

    14. What is the structure of benzene?
      a) Straight chain
      b) Branched chain
      c) Ring
      d) Tetrahedral
      Answer: c) Ring

    15. Which of these is a functional group?
      a) —OH
      b) —H₂
      c) —CH₂
      d) —C
      Answer: a) —OH

    16. Alcohols have the functional group:
      a) —COOH
      b) —OH
      c) —CHO
      d) —CO
      Answer: b) —OH

    17. Which of the following is an aldehyde?
      a) Ethanol
      b) Ethanal
      c) Ethanoic acid
      d) Methane
      Answer: b) Ethanal

    18. The formula for ethanoic acid is:
      a) CH₃COOH
      b) CH₄
      c) C₂H₅OH
      d) C₃H₆
      Answer: a) CH₃COOH

    19. Saturated hydrocarbons are also known as:
      a) Alkanes
      b) Alkenes
      c) Alkynes
      d) Aromatic compounds
      Answer: a) Alkanes

    20. Ethanol reacts with sodium to form:
      a) Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen
      b) Sodium hydroxide and water
      c) Sodium carbonate and oxygen
      d) Sodium acetate and carbon dioxide
      Answer: a) Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen

    21. The reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid produces:
      a) A ketone
      b) An ester
      c) An aldehyde
      d) A hydrocarbon
      Answer: b) An ester

    22. The process of hydrogenation involves:
      a) Addition of oxygen
      b) Addition of hydrogen
      c) Removal of hydrogen
      d) Removal of oxygen
      Answer: b) Addition of hydrogen

    23. Combustion of methane produces:
      a) CO₂ and H₂O
      b) CO and O₂
      c) H₂ and CH₄
      d) CO and H₂O
      Answer: a) CO₂ and H₂O

    24. The melting point of ethanoic acid is:
      a) 290 K
      b) 273 K
      c) 250 K
      d) 298 K
      Answer: a) 290 K

    25. The term “micelle” refers to:
      a) A ring of hydrocarbons
      b) A cluster of soap molecules
      c) An ion formed in hard water
      d) A solvent mixture
      Answer: b) A cluster of soap molecules

    26. What type of reaction occurs when ethanol reacts with sodium?
      a) Substitution
      b) Oxidation
      c) Neutralization
      d) Displacement
      Answer: d) Displacement

    27. The boiling point of ethanol is:
      a) 156 K
      b) 351 K
      c) 391 K
      d) 290 K
      Answer: b) 351 K

    28. What is the functional group of ketones?
      a) —OH
      b) —CO
      c) —CHO
      d) —COOH
      Answer: b) —CO

    29. Unsaturated hydrocarbons have:
      a) Single bonds only
      b) Double or triple bonds
      c) Ionic bonds
      d) Hydrogen bonds
      Answer: b) Double or triple bonds

    30. Which of these is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
      a) Ethane
      b) Ethene
      c) Methane
      d) Propane
      Answer: b) Ethene

    31. Which of the following is a test for saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?
      a) Bromine water test
      b) Litmus paper test
      c) Lime water test
      d) Benedict’s test
      Answer: a) Bromine water test

    32. What are the products of the combustion of ethanol?
      a) CO₂ and H₂O
      b) CO and O₂
      c) H₂ and CO₂
      d) H₂O and CH₄
      Answer: a) CO₂ and H₂O

    33. Which element is always present in organic compounds?
      a) Carbon
      b) Nitrogen
      c) Sulfur
      d) Phosphorus
      Answer: a) Carbon

    34. Which of the following is a carboxylic acid?
      a) CH₃COOH
      b) CH₄
      c) C₂H₆
      d) CH₃CH₂OH
      Answer: a) CH₃COOH

    35. What is saponification?
      a) Conversion of an ester into soap
      b) Formation of ethanol from sugar
      c) Addition of hydrogen to oils
      d) Removal of water from alcohol
      Answer: a) Conversion of an ester into soap

    36. Which of the following is a characteristic property of covalent compounds?
      a) High melting points
      b) Conduct electricity
      c) Poor conductors of electricity
      d) Form strong electrolytes
      Answer: c) Poor conductors of electricity

    37. The term “denatured alcohol” refers to ethanol mixed with:
      a) Methanol
      b) Water
      c) Acetic acid
      d) Sodium chloride
      Answer: a) Methanol

    38. Which catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of vegetable oils?
      a) Platinum
      b) Nickel
      c) Palladium
      d) Copper
      Answer: b) Nickel

    39. What is the electron dot structure for methane?
      a) Four hydrogen atoms surrounding one carbon atom
      b) Two carbon atoms joined by a triple bond
      c) A hexagonal structure with alternating double bonds
      d) Three hydrogen atoms surrounding one nitrogen atom
      Answer: a) Four hydrogen atoms surrounding one carbon atom

    40. Which of the following is an allotrope of carbon?
      a) Carbon dioxide
      b) Diamond
      c) Carbon monoxide
      d) Carbonate
      Answer: b) Diamond

    41. What is the general formula for alkenes?
      a) CnH₂n+2
      b) CnH₂n
      c) CnH₂n-2
      d) CnH₂nO
      Answer: b) CnH₂n

    42. Which compound is used as a preservative in pickles?
      a) Ethanoic acid
      b) Ethanol
      c) Propane
      d) Methane
      Answer: a) Ethanoic acid

    43. Which of the following hydrocarbons undergoes addition reactions?
      a) C₂H₆
      b) C₃H₈
      c) C₃H₆
      d) CH₄
      Answer: c) C₃H₆

    44. What does the term “vital force” refer to in the history of organic chemistry?
      a) A mystical force required to synthesize organic compounds
      b) The force binding covalent bonds
      c) The energy released during combustion
      d) The property of forming salts
      Answer: a) A mystical force required to synthesize organic compounds

    45. What type of bond is present in ethyne?
      a) Single bond
      b) Double bond
      c) Triple bond
      d) Ionic bond
      Answer: c) Triple bond

    46. Which of the following is a homologous series?
      a) Ethanol, ethanoic acid, methanoic acid
      b) Methane, ethane, propane
      c) Benzene, ethene, acetylene
      d) Water, hydrogen peroxide, ozone
      Answer: b) Methane, ethane, propane

    47. Which of these is a property of diamond?
      a) Good conductor of heat and electricity
      b) Hardest natural substance
      c) Composed of hexagonal rings
      d) Formed by weak covalent bonds
      Answer: b) Hardest natural substance

    48. The gas evolved when ethanol reacts with sodium is:
      a) Hydrogen
      b) Carbon dioxide
      c) Methane
      d) Ethane
      Answer: a) Hydrogen

    49. Which of the following is an esterification reaction?
      a) Acid + Alcohol → Ester + Water
      b) Acid + Base → Salt + Water
      c) Hydrocarbon + Oxygen → CO₂ + H₂O
      d) Alkene + Hydrogen → Alkane
      Answer: a) Acid + Alcohol → Ester + Water

    50. Which of the following compounds has the highest boiling point?
      a) Methane
      b) Ethanol
      c) Ethanoic acid
      d) Propane
      Answer: c) Ethanoic acid

    51. What type of hydrocarbon is ethene?
      a) Alkane
      b) Alkene
      c) Alkyne
      d) Aromatic hydrocarbon
      Answer: b) Alkene

    52. What is the structure of graphite?
      a) Tetrahedral arrangement of carbon atoms
      b) Layers of hexagonal rings
      c) Closed cage-like structure
      d) Cubic arrangement of carbon atoms
      Answer: b) Layers of hexagonal rings

    53. Which of these is a saturated hydrocarbon?
      a) Methane
      b) Ethene
      c) Ethyne
      d) Benzene
      Answer: a) Methane

    54. Which compound has the formula C₂H₅OH?
      a) Methanol
      b) Ethanol
      c) Propanol
      d) Ethanoic acid
      Answer: b) Ethanol

    55. What does an aldehyde functional group contain?
      a) —OH
      b) —CHO
      c) —CO
      d) —COOH
      Answer: b) —CHO

    56. The chemical formula of butane is:
      a) C₄H₆
      b) C₄H₈
      c) C₄H₁₀
      d) C₄H₄
      Answer: c) C₄H₁₀

    57. What happens when a hydrocarbon undergoes combustion?
      a) It forms oxygen
      b) It releases water and carbon dioxide
      c) It produces nitrogen gas
      d) It absorbs energy
      Answer: b) It releases water and carbon dioxide

    58. Which property of carbon allows it to form millions of compounds?
      a) High reactivity
      b) Large atomic size
      c) Ability to catenate
      d) Metallic character
      Answer: c) Ability to catenate

    59. How many covalent bonds are present in ethane (C₂H₆)?
      a) 6
      b) 7
      c) 8
      d) 9
      Answer: d) 9

    60. The test for carbon dioxide involves:
      a) Turning limewater milky
      b) Using red litmus paper
      c) Using bromine water
      d) Observing blue flame
      Answer: a) Turning limewater milky

    61. What type of bond exists in ethyne?
      a) Single bond
      b) Double bond
      c) Triple bond
      d) Hydrogen bond
      Answer: c) Triple bond

    62. What is the general formula for alkynes?
      a) CnH₂n+2
      b) CnH₂n
      c) CnH₂n-2
      d) CnH₂nO₂
      Answer: c) CnH₂n-2

    63. Which compound is known as glacial acetic acid?
      a) Ethanol
      b) Ethanoic acid
      c) Propanoic acid
      d) Methanoic acid
      Answer: b) Ethanoic acid

    64. The formula of cyclohexane is:
      a) C₅H₁₀
      b) C₆H₁₂
      c) C₇H₁₄
      d) C₆H₆
      Answer: b) C₆H₁₂

    65. Which compound is commonly used as a fuel in LPG?
      a) Propane
      b) Methane
      c) Ethane
      d) Ethanol
      Answer: a) Propane

    66. Which of the following is an ionic compound?
      a) Ethanol
      b) Sodium chloride
      c) Methane
      d) Ethanoic acid
      Answer: b) Sodium chloride

    67. Why is graphite a good conductor of electricity?
      a) It has free ions
      b) It contains delocalized electrons
      c) It has ionic bonds
      d) It contains free protons
      Answer: b) It contains delocalized electrons

    68. Which property is not associated with carbon compounds?
      a) High melting points
      b) Covalent bonding
      c) Poor electrical conductivity
      d) Catenation
      Answer: a) High melting points

    69. The process of converting vegetable oil into solid fat is called:
      a) Combustion
      b) Saponification
      c) Hydrogenation
      d) Esterification
      Answer: c) Hydrogenation

    70. Ethanol can be converted to ethene by:
      a) Oxidation
      b) Reduction
      c) Dehydration
      d) Hydrogenation
      Answer: c) Dehydration

    71. Which compound is used in perfumes due to its sweet smell?
      a) Alcohol
      b) Ester
      c) Ketone
      d) Acid
      Answer: b) Ester

    72. What is formed when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate?
      a) Hydrogen
      b) Oxygen
      c) Carbon dioxide
      d) Methane
      Answer: c) Carbon dioxide

    73. What is the main component of biogas?
      a) Ethane
      b) Propane
      c) Methane
      d) Butane
      Answer: c) Methane

    74. Which of the following hydrocarbons is aromatic?
      a) Methane
      b) Ethene
      c) Benzene
      d) Propane
      Answer: c) Benzene

    75. What is the IUPAC name for CH₃CHO?
      a) Methanal
      b) Ethanal
      c) Propanal
      d) Ethanol
      Answer: b) Ethanal

    76. Which compound has a triple bond between carbon atoms?
      a) Methane
      b) Ethyne
      c) Ethene
      d) Propane
      Answer: b) Ethyne

    77. What is the functional group in carboxylic acids?
      a) —OH
      b) —CHO
      c) —COOH
      d) —CO
      Answer: c) —COOH

    78. What is the common name of ethanoic acid?
      a) Vinegar
      b) Alcohol
      c) Acetone
      d) Methane
      Answer: a) Vinegar

    79. What is the name of the simplest hydrocarbon?
      a) Ethane
      b) Methane
      c) Propane
      d) Butane
      Answer: b) Methane

    80. Which reaction involves the replacement of a hydrogen atom with chlorine in sunlight?
      a) Substitution reaction
      b) Addition reaction
      c) Dehydration reaction
      d) Oxidation reaction
      Answer: a) Substitution reaction

    81. Which of the following compounds forms micelles?
      a) Soap
      b) Ethanol
      c) Acetic acid
      d) Methane
      Answer: a) Soap

    82. Which compound contains only carbon and hydrogen?
      a) Hydrocarbon
      b) Alcohol
      c) Ester
      d) Carboxylic acid
      Answer: a) Hydrocarbon

    83. Why is agitation necessary in washing clothes?
      a) To increase the foam formation
      b) To remove dirt from the fabric
      c) To neutralize the soap
      d) To dry the clothes faster
      Answer: b) To remove dirt from the fabric

    84. Which is a feature of detergents?
      a) They are ineffective in hard water
      b) They form scum in water
      c) They are sodium salts of sulphonic acids
      d) They are salts of long-chain carboxylic acids
      Answer: c) They are sodium salts of sulphonic acids

    85. The sweet smell of esters is used in:
      a) Fuels
      b) Perfumes
      c) Soaps
      d) Detergents
      Answer: b) Perfumes

    86. The functional group of alcohol is:
      a) —OH
      b) —CHO
      c) —COOH
      d) —CO
      Answer: a) —OH

    87. Which of the following is not a characteristic of covalent compounds?
      a) Low boiling points
      b) Poor electrical conductivity
      c) High melting points
      d) Solubility in organic solvents
      Answer: c) High melting points

    88. What is the formula for propane?
      a) C₃H₈
      b) C₂H₆
      c) CH₄
      d) C₄H₁₀
      Answer: a) C₃H₈

    89. What is an allotrope of carbon?
      a) Ethanol
      b) Methane
      c) Graphite
      d) Carbon dioxide
      Answer: c) Graphite

    90. What does a homologous series have in common?
      a) Same functional group
      b) Same boiling points
      c) Same molecular mass
      d) Same physical state
      Answer: a) Same functional group

    91. What is the molecular formula for ethanoic acid?
      a) CH₃COOH
      b) C₂H₆
      c) C₂H₅OH
      d) CH₄
      Answer: a) CH₃COOH

    92. The addition of hydrogen to ethene forms:
      a) Ethyne
      b) Ethanol
      c) Ethane
      d) Methane
      Answer: c) Ethane

    93. What is the formula for butyne?
      a) C₄H₆
      b) C₄H₈
      c) C₄H₁₀
      d) C₄H₄
      Answer: a) C₄H₆

    94. What is the main use of ethanol in industry?
      a) As a fuel
      b) As a solvent
      c) As a food preservative
      d) As an oxidizing agent
      Answer: b) As a solvent

    95. What type of reaction is hydrogenation?
      a) Substitution
      b) Oxidation
      c) Addition
      d) Reduction
      Answer: c) Addition

    96. Which of the following is not a fossil fuel?
      a) Methane
      b) Petroleum
      c) Coal
      d) Ethanol
      Answer: d) Ethanol

    97. Which test is used to identify ethanoic acid?
      a) Litmus paper test
      b) Bromine water test
      c) Limewater test
      d) Reaction with sodium bicarbonate
      Answer: d) Reaction with sodium bicarbonate

    98. What is the hybridization of carbon in methane?
      a) sp
      b) sp²
      c) sp³
      d) sp³d
      Answer: c) sp³

    99. Which hydrocarbon has the formula C₂H₂?
      a) Ethene
      b) Ethyne
      c) Ethane
      d) Methane
      Answer: b) Ethyne

    100. The sodium salt of a long-chain carboxylic acid is:
      a) Detergent
      b) Soap
      c) Ester
      d) Hydrocarbon
      Answer: b) Soap

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