What do historians often associate with the term “globalisation”?
A. Trade and migration in the modern era
B. Only 20th-century economic developments
C. The emergence of digital technology
D. None of the above
Answer: A

What evidence points to early trade links between the Indus Valley and West Asia?
A. The spread of religion
B. Cowries found in both regions
C. Active coastal trade since 3000 BCE
D. Development of metal tools
Answer: C

What were the Silk Routes primarily used for?
A. The spread of agriculture
B. Trade and cultural exchange
C. Political alliances
D. Industrial production
Answer: B

What was the primary good traded along the Silk Routes?
A. Gold
B. Textiles
C. Silk
D. Pottery
Answer: C

How did Buddhism spread through the Silk Routes?
A. Through war and conquest
B. By traders and missionaries
C. Via local governments
D. Through naval expeditions
Answer: B

Where did noodles likely originate before transforming into pasta?
A. India
B. Italy
C. China
D. Arabia
Answer: C

Which food item introduced by the Americas improved European diets?
A. Maize
B. Potatoes
C. Soya
D. Chillies
Answer: B

What caused the Irish Potato Famine?
A. Lack of agricultural resources
B. A disease that destroyed potato crops
C. British land reforms
D. Industrial revolution impact
Answer: B

What played a decisive role in the Spanish conquest of the Americas?
A. Superior weapons
B. Support from local rulers
C. Germs such as smallpox
D. The discovery of gold mines
Answer: C

Why was America referred to as “El Dorado”?
A. It was a religious haven
B. It was rich in gold and silver
C. It was a hub for trade
D. It was a site of ancient civilizations
Answer: B

What was a major factor in the depopulation of the Americas after European arrival?
A. Military conquest
B. Natural disasters
C. Spread of diseases like smallpox
D. Lack of resources
Answer: C

What was the primary export from South American mines to Europe in the 16th century?
A. Gold
B. Silver
C. Spices
D. Cotton
Answer: B

How did the discovery of the Americas affect global trade?
A. It reduced trade routes
B. It created new trade networks
C. It isolated Europe
D. It ended Asian dominance
Answer: B

Which European countries dominated early colonization in the Americas?
A. Britain and Germany
B. Spain and Portugal
C. France and Belgium
D. Italy and Greece
Answer: B

What enabled Europeans to conquer native populations in the Americas?
A. Modern military training
B. Alliances with local tribes
C. Immunity to diseases they carried
D. Use of horses
Answer: C

What were cowries primarily used for in pre-modern times?
A. Jewelry
B. Currency
C. Religious offerings
D. Food preservation
Answer: B

What role did Indian Ocean trade play in pre-modern globalisation?
A. It connected Africa, Asia, and Europe
B. It only transported spices
C. It was limited to India and China
D. It collapsed before European colonization
Answer: A

Which 19th-century development greatly increased global migration?
A. End of colonization
B. Industrial revolution
C. Spread of railways
D. Abolition of slavery
Answer: B

What led to the repeal of the Corn Laws in Britain?
A. Industrialists demanded cheaper food imports
B. Peasants refused to grow corn
C. A royal decree
D. Agricultural surplus in Europe
Answer: A

Why did food prices in Britain fall after the Corn Laws were repealed?
A. Increased local production
B. Cheaper imports of food grains
C. Technological advancements
D. Government subsidies
Answer: B

What was one consequence of the abolition of the Corn Laws?
A. Increased employment in agriculture
B. Migration to cities and overseas
C. End of food trade with Europe
D. Economic collapse in Britain
Answer: B

What major factor drove migration to America and Australia in the 19th century?
A. Cheap land availability
B. Political freedom
C. High wages
D. All of the above
Answer: D

Which disease devastated African cattle in the 1890s?
A. Rinderpest
B. Smallpox
C. Anthrax
D. Influenza
Answer: A

How did Rinderpest impact African livelihoods?
A. Forced them into wage labor
B. Increased local trade
C. Strengthened traditional economies
D. Brought prosperity
Answer: A

What system replaced slavery in the 19th century for plantation labor?
A. Indentured labor
B. Wage labor
C. Feudalism
D. Sharecropping
Answer: A

Which regions were the primary destinations for Indian indentured laborers?
A. Caribbean, Mauritius, and Fiji
B. Europe and North America
C. Middle East and Africa
D. Southeast Asia and Japan
Answer: A

What was a common reason for Indians to agree to indentured labor contracts?
A. Escape from poverty
B. Support for education
C. Military conscription
D. Religious freedom
Answer: A

How were indentured laborers often misled?
A. By promises of high wages
B. By false descriptions of working conditions
C. By omission of long sea voyages
D. All of the above
Answer: D

What was the primary crop grown by indentured workers in the Caribbean?
A. Tea
B. Cotton
C. Sugarcane
D. Rice
Answer: C

Why was the indenture system compared to slavery?
A. Harsh working conditions
B. Lack of legal rights
C. Abduction of workers
D. All of the above
Answer: D

What cultural practice emerged among Indian workers in Trinidad?
A. Hosay festival
B. Yoga traditions
C. Classical music concerts
D. Temple construction
Answer: A

When was the system of indentured labor abolished?
A. 1900
B. 1921
C. 1947
D. 1950
Answer: B

What role did Indian bankers play in 19th-century trade?
A. Financed export agriculture
B. Traded British goods
C. Controlled European markets
D. Managed railway construction
Answer: A

What replaced Indian textiles as Britain’s major export in the 19th century?
A. Manufactured cotton goods
B. Woolen fabrics
C. Machine tools
D. Agricultural machinery
Answer: A

Why did India experience a decline in its textile industry?
A. British-imposed tariffs
B. Cheap British imports
C. Lack of industrial investment
D. All of the above
Answer: D

What was a key export from India to China in the 19th century?
A. Silk
B. Opium
C. Tea
D. Spices
Answer: B

How did Britain benefit from India’s trade surplus?
A. Paid for British imports
B. Funded colonial administration
C. Balanced trade deficits with other nations
D. All of the above
Answer: D

Which war significantly altered global trade patterns in the 20th century?
A. World War I
B. The Napoleonic Wars
C. The Crimean War
D. The Boer War
Answer: A

What was a key factor in the Great Depression?
A. Agricultural overproduction
B. Industrial innovation
C. Global migration
D. Expansion of railways
Answer: A

How did the US respond to the Great Depression?
A. By increasing loans to Europe
B. By raising import duties
C. By reducing industrial production
D. By promoting free trade
Answer: B

What caused agricultural prices to fall during the Great Depression?
A. Overproduction of crops
B. Rising transportation costs
C. Increased industrial production
D. Export restrictions
Answer: A

How did the Great Depression affect farmers?
A. They prospered due to higher demand
B. They faced declining incomes and debts
C. They shifted to industrial jobs
D. They stopped exporting goods
Answer: B

What was the impact of the Great Depression on Indian exports?
A. Increased exports of agricultural goods
B. A sharp decline in exports
C. Rise in industrial exports
D. No significant impact
Answer: B

What was the main export of Bengal affected during the Great Depression?
A. Cotton
B. Jute
C. Rice
D. Wheat
Answer: B

How did the Great Depression benefit some urban Indians?
A. Falling prices improved purchasing power
B. Increased agricultural production
C. Growth of the textile industry
D. Employment in foreign companies
Answer: A

What was the Bretton Woods system based on?
A. Fixed exchange rates
B. Floating exchange rates
C. Gold standard with no fixed rates
D. Barter trade
Answer: A

What institutions were created at the Bretton Woods Conference?
A. IMF and World Bank
B. WTO and UNDP
C. WHO and UNESCO
D. NATO and EU
Answer: A

What was the primary goal of the Bretton Woods institutions?
A. Promote economic stability and full employment
B. Encourage colonial trade
C. Limit government spending
D. Support military expansion
Answer: A

What currency became central to the Bretton Woods system?
A. British pound
B. Japanese yen
C. US dollar
D. French franc
Answer: C

Why did the Bretton Woods system collapse?
A. Economic dominance of Asia
B. Decline in the value of the US dollar
C. World War II resurgence
D. Collapse of European economies
Answer: B

What is a floating exchange rate?
A. Exchange rate fixed by governments
B. Exchange rate determined by market forces
C. A fixed gold price per dollar
D. Currency value tied to agricultural exports
Answer: B

How did MNCs grow in the 1950s and 1960s?
A. By expanding operations in low-wage countries
B. Through government subsidies
C. By acquiring colonial territories
D. Through trade agreements
Answer: A

What was the primary reason for MNCs relocating to Asian countries?
A. High technological development
B. Low wages and cost of production
C. Access to natural resources
D. Political alliances
Answer: B

What is the G-77 group known for?
A. Demanding a New International Economic Order (NIEO)
B. Supporting colonial economies
C. Developing nuclear technology
D. Expanding global trade routes
Answer: A

What does NIEO stand for?
A. New International Economic Order
B. National Indian Economic Organization
C. Neutral Industrial Economic Operations
D. None of the above
Answer: A

What was the primary focus of NIEO?
A. Control over natural resources
B. Fair prices for raw materials
C. Better access to developed markets
D. All of the above
Answer: D

Which technological innovation transformed the meat trade?
A. Refrigerated ships
B. Steam engines
C. Railroads
D. Electricity
Answer: A

Why did refrigerated ships help the meat trade?
A. Reduced transportation costs
B. Increased meat supply to Europe
C. Made meat affordable for the poor
D. All of the above
Answer: D

What caused European colonists to carve up Africa?
A. Competition for land and resources
B. Cultural exchange
C. Spread of religious practices
D. Search for better governance
Answer: A

What event highlighted European imperialism in Africa?
A. Berlin Conference of 1885
B. Formation of the League of Nations
C. Establishment of the UN
D. World War II
Answer: A

What was the primary cause of labor shortages in colonial Africa?
A. Rinderpest outbreak
B. Migration to Europe
C. Decline in agricultural productivity
D. High wages in the colonies
Answer: A

How did European powers attract African labor?
A. Heavy taxes and inheritance laws
B. Improved living conditions
C. Religious reforms
D. Free education
Answer: A

What drove the global migration of Indian labor in the 19th century?
A. Poverty and land displacement
B. Industrial opportunities in India
C. Educational reforms
D. Military recruitment
Answer: A

Which crop dominated Indian exports to China in the 19th century?
A. Wheat
B. Opium
C. Tea
D. Spices
Answer: B

What led to the rise of plantations in colonial economies?
A. High demand for export crops
B. Growth of local industries
C. Decline in agricultural prices
D. State-imposed labor systems
Answer: A

What was the most exported commodity from India in the late 19th century?
A. Cotton
B. Jute
C. Opium
D. Indigo
Answer: C

How did colonial rule benefit British industries?
A. Increased access to raw materials
B. Expansion of global markets
C. Protection of British industries through tariffs
D. All of the above
Answer: D

What was the main purpose of World War I for colonial powers?
A. To expand colonies
B. To recruit labor from colonies
C. To use industrial power for military purposes
D. To share global trade routes
Answer: C

How did the Great Depression affect trade?
A. Trade volumes collapsed globally
B. Exports increased significantly
C. New trade routes emerged
D. Tariffs were abolished
Answer: A

What event marked the start of a post-colonial global economy?
A. Bretton Woods Agreement
B. Fall of Berlin Wall
C. World War I
D. Industrial Revolution
Answer: A

What was the role of the IMF established after the Bretton Woods Conference?
A. Manage trade routes
B. Provide loans to stabilize economies
C. Regulate military alliances
D. Promote agricultural reforms
Answer: B

What did the World Bank focus on after World War II?
A. Industrial development
B. Post-war reconstruction
C. Military funding
D. Agricultural subsidies
Answer: B

How did India contribute to Britain’s trade surplus during colonial rule?
A. Export of raw materials
B. Import of British manufactured goods
C. Financing British deficits with other nations
D. All of the above
Answer: D

Why were Indian goods heavily taxed in Britain during colonial rule?
A. To protect British industries
B. To reduce imports
C. To promote Indian industries
D. To increase global competition
Answer: A

Which group demanded a New International Economic Order?
A. G-77 nations
B. Developed countries
C. Colonial powers
D. European Union
Answer: A

What caused a rise in mass production in the US in the 1920s?
A. Assembly line techniques
B. Import of raw materials
C. Government intervention
D. Urbanization
Answer: A

Who pioneered the assembly line in the US automobile industry?
A. Henry Ford
B. Andrew Carnegie
C. Thomas Edison
D. John Rockefeller
Answer: A

What was the purpose of the assembly line?
A. Reduce production time and costs
B. Increase employment
C. Promote trade unions
D. Boost agricultural exports
Answer: A

What led to the Great Depression in 1929?
A. Overproduction and falling prices
B. Global trade restrictions
C. Decline in industrial demand
D. All of the above
Answer: D

How did the Great Depression affect global migration?
A. Reduced migration opportunities
B. Increased migration to Europe
C. Boosted trade-based migration
D. Led to new colonies
Answer: A

What was the primary focus of post-war reconstruction after 1945?
A. Economic stability and employment
B. Decolonization of Africa
C. Development of nuclear weapons
D. Expansion of colonies
Answer: A

How did the US benefit economically from World War II?
A. Became a global creditor
B. Expanded military bases
C. Gained access to colonial resources
D. Secured trade agreements
Answer: A

Which system replaced the fixed exchange rates in the 1970s?
A. Floating exchange rates
B. Gold standard
C. Barter system
D. Tariff-based trade
Answer: A

Why did multinational corporations expand during the 20th century?
A. To reduce costs in low-wage countries
B. To control global trade
C. To create alliances with colonial powers
D. To eliminate tariffs
Answer: A

What caused the relocation of industries to Asian countries in the 1980s?
A. Availability of cheap labor
B. Advanced technology in Asia
C. Decline in European trade
D. Industrial reforms in Europe
Answer: A

What was the main goal of developing countries in the G-77?
A. Gain control over natural resources
B. Ensure fair trade practices
C. Achieve better access to global markets
D. All of the above
Answer: D

What impact did the end of Bretton Woods have on developing countries?
A. Increased borrowing from private banks
B. Reduction in international trade
C. Abolishment of industrial tariffs
D. Growth in agricultural exports
Answer: A

What does “flexible exchange rate” mean?
A. Currencies fluctuate based on demand and supply
B. Governments control currency values
C. Exchange rates are fixed to gold
D. Exchange rates are tied to exports
Answer: A

Which industry flourished due to refrigerated ships?
A. Meat trade
B. Textile production
C. Metal exports
D. Wheat farming
Answer: A

What drove economic growth in the US during the 1950s and 1960s?
A. Mass consumption and production
B. Expansion of agriculture
C. Military alliances
D. Import of technology
Answer: A

Why were developing nations dissatisfied with the Bretton Woods system?
A. Focus on industrialized economies
B. Neglect of poverty in former colonies
C. Control by Western powers
D. All of the above
Answer: D

How did colonialism impact African economies in the late 19th century?
A. Forced wage labor systems
B. Expansion of local industries
C. Promotion of trade unions
D. Improvement of living standards
Answer: A

What was the primary export from India in the late 1800s?
A. Raw cotton
B. Jute products
C. Indigo
D. All of the above
Answer: D

What fueled the economic dominance of Europe in the 19th century?
A. Industrial revolution
B. Exploitation of colonies
C. Control of global trade routes
D. All of the above
Answer: D

What was the main focus of post-World War II reconstruction?
A. Economic growth and stability
B. Expansion of colonial empires
C. Development of nuclear technology
D. Rebuilding military forces
Answer: A

How did technological advances transform the 19th-century global economy?
A. Faster transportation and communication
B. Increased reliance on traditional methods
C. Decrease in agricultural production
D. Reduced industrial growth
Answer: A

What is a key feature of globalization in the modern world?
A. Interconnected economies and trade
B. Decentralization of industries
C. Decline in cultural exchange
D. Isolation of global markets
Answer: A

What led to the rise of multinational corporations in the 20th century?
A. Expansion of global markets
B. Reduction in tariff barriers
C. Access to low-wage labor
D. All of the above
Answer: D

How did colonization contribute to the global economy?
A. Supply of raw materials
B. Creation of global trade networks
C. Spread of industrialization
D. All of the above
Answer: D

What marked the beginning of the modern era of globalization?
A. The collapse of Bretton Woods
B. World War II
C. Industrial Revolution
D. The rise of multinational corporations
Answer:A