What percentage of the Earth’s surface is covered with water?
a) Half
b) Three-fourth
c) Two-thirds
d) One-fourth
Answer: b

Which cycle ensures water is a renewable resource?
a) Carbon cycle
b) Hydrological cycle
c) Nitrogen cycle
d) Oxygen cycle
Answer: b

What is the main reason for water scarcity in some regions despite adequate rainfall?
a) Uneven rainfall distribution
b) Poor water quality and pollution
c) Over-exploitation of groundwater
d) All of the above
Answer: d

What proportion of water in the world is freshwater available for use?
a) 10%
b) 25%
c) A small proportion
d) 50%
Answer: c

What is the primary consumer of water globally?
a) Industry
b) Domestic use
c) Agriculture
d) Recreation
Answer: c

What is the main cause of falling groundwater levels in many cities?
a) Excessive industrial use
b) Lack of rainfall
c) Groundwater pumping devices
d) Deforestation
Answer: c

What is the purpose of the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)?
a) To provide irrigation water to farmers
b) To ensure potable piped water supply to rural households
c) To build large dams
d) To develop drought-resistant crops
Answer: b

How much water is targeted per capita per day under the Jal Jeevan Mission?
a) 50 liters
b) 55 liters
c) 60 liters
d) 65 liters
Answer: b

Which state in India first made rooftop rainwater harvesting mandatory?
a) Rajasthan
b) Tamil Nadu
c) Karnataka
d) Meghalaya
Answer: b

What type of structure is typically used in rooftop rainwater harvesting in Rajasthan?
a) Tankas
b) Wells
c) Lakes
d) Dams
Answer: a

What is the primary disadvantage of multi-purpose river projects?
a) Electricity generation
b) Displacement of people
c) Flood control
d) Irrigation
Answer: b

Which dam is built over the Narmada River?
a) Bhakra-Nangal Dam
b) Sardar Sarovar Dam
c) Hirakud Dam
d) Tehri Dam
Answer: b

Why is the Krishna-Godavari dispute significant?
a) It involves dam construction
b) It concerns water diversion by Maharashtra
c) It is related to fishery practices
d) It is about flood management
Answer: b

What traditional water conservation system is prevalent in Meghalaya?
a) Tankas
b) Bamboo drip irrigation
c) Guls
d) Kuls
Answer: b

What is the main objective of the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchaee Yojana?
a) Water conservation for industrial use
b) Protection of river ecosystems
c) Protective irrigation for all farms
d) Rainwater harvesting in urban areas
Answer: c

Which basin includes the Bhakra-Nangal project?
a) Sutlej-Beas basin
b) Godavari basin
c) Mahanadi basin
d) Narmada basin
Answer: a

What ecological issue arises from damming rivers?
a) Improved sediment flow
b) Decline in aquatic life habitats
c) Reduction in pollution levels
d) Increased agricultural output
Answer: b

What type of water is referred to as “palar pani” in Rajasthan?
a) River water
b) Tap water
c) Rainwater
d) Groundwater
Answer: c

In which century was the Bhopal Lake built?
a) 1st century
b) 11th century
c) 14th century
d) 19th century
Answer: b

Which of the following is NOT a method of rainwater harvesting?
a) Kuls
b) Inundation channels
c) Embankments
d) Roof tanks
Answer: c

Which crop production practice consumes the largest quantity of water?
a) Irrigated agriculture
b) Rain-fed agriculture
c) Hydroponics
d) Plantation farming
Answer: a

What was the primary purpose of dams in ancient India?
a) Generating electricity
b) Storing rainwater for irrigation
c) Flood control
d) Navigation
Answer: b

What is the primary source of water pollution in urban areas?
a) Domestic and industrial waste
b) Rainwater runoff
c) Overuse of agricultural fertilizers
d) Sedimentation from dams
Answer: a

What percentage of water demand in Rajasthan is met by rooftop harvesting?
a) 10%
b) 15-25%
c) 30-40%
d) 50%
Answer: b

What is a tanka?
a) A traditional dam
b) An underground rainwater storage tank
c) A channel for irrigation
d) A bamboo pipe system
Answer: b

Which state is known for the extensive use of bamboo drip irrigation?
a) Karnataka
b) Meghalaya
c) Gujarat
d) Rajasthan
Answer: b

What does the term “multi-purpose project” imply?
a) Projects focusing only on irrigation
b) Projects combining irrigation, electricity, and flood control
c) Projects designed for urban drinking water supply
d) Projects primarily for industrial use
Answer: b

Which organization publishes reports on India’s water resources management?
a) Ministry of Jal Shakti
b) WHO
c) UNESCO
d) Ministry of Environment and Forests
Answer: a

What type of irrigation method is used in the Western Himalayas?
a) Tankas
b) Guls or Kuls
c) Bamboo drip irrigation
d) Subsurface irrigation
Answer: b

Which project uses the Sutlej-Beas River for hydropower and irrigation?
a) Hirakud project
b) Bhakra-Nangal project
c) Sardar Sarovar project
d) Tehri project
Answer: b

What is the primary focus of Atal Bhujal Yojana (Atal Jal)?
a) Providing potable drinking water
b) Promoting water conservation and groundwater recharge
c) Increasing water supply for industries
d) Building large multi-purpose dams
Answer: b

Which river is associated with the Hirakud Dam?
a) Ganga
b) Mahanadi
c) Godavari
d) Krishna
Answer: b

What is the goal of “Per Drop More Crop”?
a) To promote rainwater harvesting
b) To improve water use efficiency in irrigation
c) To ensure access to drinking water
d) To conserve groundwater
Answer: b

What is a key disadvantage of irrigation using dams?
a) Increased sedimentation
b) Increased soil salinity
c) Decreased crop yields
d) Higher groundwater levels
Answer: b

Which area in Rajasthan has large underground tanks for water storage?
a) Jaipur
b) Phalodi
c) Jodhpur
d) Bikaner
Answer: b

What traditional system is used in flood plains of Bengal?
a) Diversion channels
b) Inundation channels
c) Guls or Kuls
d) Bamboo drip irrigation
Answer: b

What is the role of a spillway in a dam?
a) Generating electricity
b) Controlling the flow of water
c) Diverting water to irrigation canals
d) Harvesting rainwater
Answer: b

Which state has mandated rainwater harvesting for all households?
a) Gujarat
b) Tamil Nadu
c) Kerala
d) Punjab
Answer: b

What is the main aim of the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana?
a) Flood management
b) Irrigation for all farms
c) Increasing groundwater storage
d) Promoting rooftop harvesting
Answer: b

What is a major impact of excessive damming on aquatic life?
a) Improved biodiversity
b) Reduced habitats
c) Improved sedimentation
d) Increased oxygen levels
Answer: b

What is a primary ecological problem caused by sedimentation in reservoirs?
a) Water pollution
b) Erosion of river banks
c) Flooding due to reduced capacity
d) Increased soil fertility
Answer: c

Which Indian dam has been called the “temple of modern India”?
a) Hirakud Dam
b) Bhakra-Nangal Dam
c) Sardar Sarovar Dam
d) Tehri Dam
Answer: b

What is a major reason for water disputes in India?
a) Overuse of groundwater
b) Unequal distribution of rivers among states
c) Low annual rainfall
d) Poor irrigation systems
Answer: b

What traditional method of water conservation was used in Jaisalmer?
a) Tankas
b) Khadins
c) Kuls
d) Inundation channels
Answer: b

Which modern adaptation is widely used for rainwater harvesting?
a) Reservoirs
b) Rooftop harvesting systems
c) Dams
d) Underground wells
Answer: b

Which state receives the highest rainfall yet faces water scarcity due to lack of storage?
a) Kerala
b) Meghalaya
c) Assam
d) Tamil Nadu
Answer: b

What does “palar pani” mean in Rajasthan?
a) Groundwater
b) Rainwater
c) River water
d) Filtered water
Answer: b

What is the purpose of multi-purpose river projects?
a) Electricity generation
b) Irrigation and flood control
c) Inland navigation
d) All of the above
Answer: d

What happens when a dam disrupts the natural flow of a river?
a) Increased sedimentation downstream
b) Decline in aquatic biodiversity
c) Improved irrigation efficiency
d) More fertile floodplains
Answer: b

What is the primary cause of falling water levels in urban areas?
a) Overuse of groundwater
b) Low rainfall
c) Water pollution
d) Lack of water-saving technologies
Answer: a

Which traditional system of irrigation is found in the Western Himalayas?
a) Kuls
b) Tankas
c) Khadins
d) Bamboo drip irrigation
Answer: a

What was the primary purpose of the Indira Gandhi Canal?
a) Flood control
b) Water supply to urban areas
c) Irrigation in Rajasthan
d) Hydroelectricity
Answer: c

What ecological problem can arise due to irrigation from dams?
a) Salinization of soil
b) Increased groundwater levels
c) Enhanced crop diversity
d) Increased river flow
Answer: a

What is a key feature of bamboo drip irrigation?
a) Use of bamboo pipes to distribute water
b) Harvesting rainwater for irrigation
c) Storing groundwater for future use
d) Construction of underground tanks
Answer: a

Why are floodplains deprived of silt in dammed rivers?
a) Sediments accumulate in reservoirs
b) High-speed water flow washes away silt
c) Deforestation reduces sedimentation
d) Erosion occurs downstream
Answer: a

What was a major criticism of multi-purpose dams in India?
a) Increased rainfall
b) Large-scale displacement of people
c) Reduced electricity generation
d) Decrease in agricultural production
Answer: b

What is the primary objective of rainwater harvesting?
a) Storing floodwaters
b) Increasing groundwater recharge
c) Building more dams
d) Providing water for industries
Answer: b

Which traditional irrigation method uses diversion channels?
a) Inundation channels
b) Bamboo drip irrigation
c) Tankas
d) Guls
Answer: d

What is the benefit of the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchaee Yojana?
a) Promotes large-scale industrialization
b) Provides protective irrigation for agriculture
c) Focuses on urban drinking water supply
d) Increases dam construction projects
Answer: b

What is the main cause of water scarcity in highly populated regions?
a) Unequal distribution of water resources
b) High annual rainfall
c) Pollution from industries
d) Abundant groundwater availability
Answer: a

What is the goal of integrated water resources management?
a) Developing modern irrigation systems
b) Conserving and utilizing water sustainably
c) Building more reservoirs
d) Diverting rivers for agricultural purposes
Answer: b

Which ancient hydraulic structure is found in Bhopal?
a) Kuls
b) Bhopal Lake
c) Tankas
d) Inundation channels
Answer: b

Which region in Rajasthan has seen reduced rooftop rainwater harvesting due to the Indira Gandhi Canal?
a) Barmer
b) Phalodi
c) Jaisalmer
d) Jaipur
Answer: c

What is the primary reason for the depletion of groundwater resources in India?
a) High rainfall
b) Over-extraction for agriculture
c) Water pollution
d) Urbanization
Answer: b

What is a spillway in a dam designed to do?
a) Generate electricity
b) Control water overflow
c) Divert water for irrigation
d) Store water for industrial use
Answer: b

What is a major outcome of dam-induced sedimentation?
a) Fertile floodplains
b) Decreased reservoir capacity
c) Increased aquatic biodiversity
d) Enhanced flood control
Answer: b

Which traditional water conservation method is common in Jaisalmer?
a) Khadins
b) Kuls
c) Tankas
d) Rooftop harvesting
Answer: a

What does the term “hydrological cycle” refer to?
a) A system of irrigation channels
b) The movement of water in nature
c) A method of storing water in dams
d) The filtration of polluted water
Answer: b

What is the role of multi-purpose river projects?
a) Increasing river flow speed
b) Enhancing water storage for multiple uses
c) Promoting urbanization
d) Supporting biodiversity conservation
Answer: b

Which Indian state uses bamboo pipes for irrigation?
a) Meghalaya
b) Rajasthan
c) Gujarat
d) Odisha
Answer: a

What is a significant challenge of water resource management in India?
a) High water availability
b) Unequal access to water resources
c) Decline in urban population
d) Over-dependence on natural rainfall
Answer: b

What traditional system is used in arid areas to trap floodwaters?
a) Khadins
b) Kuls
c) Guls
d) Tankas
Answer: a

What is a major benefit of rainwater harvesting?
a) Reduces rainfall
b) Increases surface runoff
c) Recharges groundwater
d) Improves soil salinity
Answer: c

What traditional water harvesting system is commonly used in flood plains?
a) Inundation channels
b) Bamboo drip irrigation
c) Tankas
d) Khadins
Answer: a

What is a key disadvantage of regulating rivers with dams?
a) Increased biodiversity
b) Disruption of natural sediment flow
c) Reduced agricultural productivity
d) Increased groundwater levels
Answer: b

What ecological problem is caused by the decomposition of vegetation in dam reservoirs?
a) Soil salinization
b) Increased aquatic biodiversity
c) Water pollution
d) Reduced rainfall
Answer: c

What type of water harvesting system is used in Gendathur, Karnataka?
a) Underground tanks
b) Rooftop rainwater harvesting
c) Bamboo drip irrigation
d) Diversion channels
Answer: b

What is the primary focus of the Atal Bhujal Yojana?
a) Building large-scale dams
b) Conserving groundwater resources
c) Improving agricultural exports
d) Promoting urban water distribution
Answer: b

Which type of dam is classified based on its height?
a) Masonry dam
b) Embankment dam
c) Low dam
d) Timber dam
Answer: c

What happens when groundwater is overexploited in cities?
a) Groundwater levels rise
b) Freshwater becomes scarce
c) Soil erosion is reduced
d) Water quality improves
Answer: b

Which of these is a key advantage of rooftop rainwater harvesting?
a) Improves soil salinity
b) Reduces urban heat
c) Recharges groundwater
d) Enhances river flow
Answer: c

What is the primary source of water for bamboo drip irrigation?
a) River water
b) Spring water
c) Rainwater runoff
d) Groundwater
Answer: b

Which Indian city made rooftop rainwater harvesting compulsory?
a) Bengaluru
b) Chennai
c) Jaipur
d) Mumbai
Answer: b

What major problem arises from industrial use of freshwater resources?
a) Sedimentation
b) Decline in rainfall
c) Water pollution
d) Improved groundwater recharge
Answer: c

Which type of dam is built with stone rubble?
a) Embankment dam
b) Masonry dam
c) Low dam
d) Timber dam
Answer: b

What traditional method of irrigation uses rooftop structures in Rajasthan?
a) Guls
b) Tankas
c) Khadins
d) Inundation channels
Answer: b

What type of water system is prevalent in Tamil Nadu for rainwater conservation?
a) Diversion channels
b) Rooftop harvesting systems
c) Underground reservoirs
d) Bamboo irrigation pipes
Answer: b

What is a disadvantage of sedimentation in reservoirs?
a) Increased biodiversity
b) Reduced water storage capacity
c) Improved aquatic life
d) Better flood control
Answer: b

What type of channel is used in the Western Himalayas for irrigation?
a) Guls or Kuls
b) Khadins
c) Tankas
d) Canals
Answer: a

What is a spillway in a dam designed for?
a) Preventing sedimentation
b) Allowing water to overflow safely
c) Diverting water for industrial use
d) Improving water filtration
Answer: b

Which Indian state uses tankas extensively for water conservation?
a) Gujarat
b) Rajasthan
c) Madhya Pradesh
d) Maharashtra
Answer: b

What is the primary cause of water scarcity in drought-prone regions?
a) High groundwater levels
b) Uneven rainfall distribution
c) Overuse of surface water
d) Deforestation
Answer: b

Which traditional system collects and stores rainwater underground?
a) Kuls
b) Tankas
c) Bamboo pipes
d) Inundation channels
Answer: b

What is a major environmental consequence of dam construction?
a) Improved floodplains
b) Fragmentation of rivers
c) Increased groundwater recharge
d) Reduced agricultural water demand
Answer: b

What is the key objective of the Jal Jeevan Mission?
a) Expanding irrigation for agriculture
b) Providing potable piped water to rural households
c) Building multi-purpose river projects
d) Promoting urban rainwater harvesting
Answer: b

What is a critical feature of rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions?
a) Storing water in reservoirs
b) Diverting river water
c) Rooftop harvesting systems
d) Increasing groundwater recharge
Answer: d

Which project in Gujarat provides irrigation to drought-prone areas?
a) Hirakud project
b) Sardar Sarovar Dam
c) Bhakra-Nangal Dam
d) Tehri project
Answer: b

What is the ecological impact of damming rivers on aquatic fauna?
a) Enhanced biodiversity
b) Restricted migration of aquatic species
c) Increased oxygen levels in water
d) Improved sediment flow
Answer: b

Which Indian region traditionally uses khadins for water conservation?
a) Punjab
b) Rajasthan
c) Uttar Pradesh
d) Maharashtra
Answer: b

What is the significance of rooftop rainwater harvesting in Shillong, Meghalaya?
a) Reduces groundwater use
b) Supplies 15-25% of household water needs
c) Prevents river flooding
d) Enhances agricultural productivity
Answer: b