REET 2024 Examination Schedule

REET 2024 “Rajasthan Teacher Eligibility Test” online applications are invited from eligible candidates.  This exam will be conducted according to the following schedule.

Date of filling online application	16.12.2024 to 15.01.2025 till 12:00 midnight
Start and last date of challan printing, depositing fee at prescribed bank or e-mitra	16.12.2024 to 15.01.2025
Expected date of downloading admit card from website	From 19.02.2025 @ 4 pm
Exam Date	27.02.2025 Thursday Looking ahead, keeping in view the number of candidates and availability of examination centers, the examination can be conducted on further dates also.

REET 2024 important website links

Generate Challan	https://reet2024.co.in/application
Re-Print Challan Form	https://reet2024.co.in/reprint-challan-form
Forget Challan No	https://reet2024.co.in/forgot-challan
Check Challan Payment Status/Reprint Challan	https://reet2024.co.in/check-fee-status-form
Fill Application Form	https://reet2024.co.in/apply-online-form
Re-Print Application Form	https://reet2024.co.in/reprint-application-form

REET 2024 Examination Charges

Level-I	Rs.550/-
Level-II	Rs.550/-
Both Level-I and Level-II	Rs.775/-

REET 2024 Syllabus

Level-I	Syllabus REET Level 1
Level-II	Syllabus REET Level 2

REET 2024 Rajasthan GK:

Important Festivals

Here is a month-wise list of fairs and festivals celebrated in Rajasthan, including their dates and places:

January

1. Camel Festival – Bikaner, January
2. Makar Sankranti – Statewide, 14th January
3. Jaisalmer Desert Festival – Jaisalmer, January/February
4. Udaipur Boat Festival – Udaipur, January
5. Sawai Madhopur Kumbh Mela – Sawai Madhopur, January/February
6. Pushkar Mela (Camel Fair) – Pushkar, January/February (dates vary)

February

1. Desert Festival – Jaisalmer, February
2. Shivaratri – Statewide, February
3. Shree Nathji Festival – Nathdwara, February
4. Mewad Utsav – Udaipur, February
5. Shahpura Mela – Shahpura, February
6. Bikaner Festival – Bikaner, February

March

1. Holi – Statewide, March
2. Gangaur Festival – Statewide, March/April
3. Tejaji Fair – Sikar, March
4. Camel and Cattle Fair – Jodhpur, March
5. Baisakhi Mela – Statewide, March/April
6. Kishangarh Mela – Kishangarh, March
7. Banswara Mela – Banswara, March
8. Chittorgarh Jauhar Mela – Chittorgarh, March
9. Nand Mahotsav – Nathdwara, March

April

1. Maund Mela – Kota, April
2. Khatushyamji Fair – Khatushyamji, April
3. Teej Festival – Statewide, April
4. Jodhpur Rajasthan Polo Festival – Jodhpur, April
5. Rao Luga Mela – Sikar, April

May

1. Mewar Festival – Udaipur, May
2. Khejarli Mela – Khejarli, May
3. Chaksu Mela – Chaksu, May
4. Banswara Mela – Banswara, May
5. Rajasthan International Folk Music Festival – Jaipur, May

June

1. Baneshwar Mela – Dungarpur, June
2. Sawan Month Festival – Statewide, June/July
3. Folk Festival – Jaipur, June

July

1. Tejaji Mela – Sikar, July
2. Mavli Mela – Udaipur, July
3. Gogaji Fair – Hanumangarh, July/August
4. Guru Purnima – Statewide, July

August

1. Raksha Bandhan – Statewide, August
2. Janmashtami – Statewide, August
3. Nagaur Cattle Fair – Nagaur, August
4. Sula Fest – Jaisalmer, August
5. Shravan Month Celebrations – Statewide, August/September

September

1. Shri Ganesh Chaturthi – Statewide, September
2. Tejaji Fair – Sikar, September
3. Gogaji Mela – Goga Medi, September
4. Sawai Madhopur Kumbh Mela – Sawai Madhopur, September

October

1. Dussehra – Statewide, October
2. Pushkar Fair – Pushkar, October/November
3. Diwali – Statewide, October
4. Saraswati Puja – Statewide, October
5. Bundi Festival – Bundi, October
6. Kartik Purnima Mela – Pushkar, October/November
7. Ramdevra Fair – Ramdevra, October

November

1. Pushkar Camel Fair – Pushkar, November
2. Kartik Purnima Mela – Pushkar, November
3. Gogaji Mela – Goga Medi, November
4. Deewali Mela – Statewide, November
5. Rajasthan International Folk Festival – Jodhpur, November
6. Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Festival – Jaipur, November

December

1. Marwar Festival – Jodhpur, December
2. Mewar Utsav – Udaipur, December
3. Rajasthan Polo Festival – Jaipur, December
4. Bhilwara Mela – Bhilwara, December
5. Kumbhalgarh Fort Festival – Rajsamand, December

National Festivals list month-wise

January

1. New Year’s Day – 1st January
2. Makar Sankranti – 14th January
   • Celebrates the sun’s transition to Capricorn.
3. Republic Day – 26th January
   • Marks the adoption of the Indian Constitution in 1950.
4. Pongal – 14th January (Tamil Nadu)
   • A harvest festival, primarily celebrated in South India.

February

1. Vasant Panchami – Date varies
   • Celebrates the arrival of spring and worship of Goddess Saraswati.
2. Maha Shivaratri – Date varies (February/March)
   • Dedicated to Lord Shiva, observed with fasting and night vigils.

March

1. Holi – Date varies (March)
   • Festival of colors, celebrating the arrival of spring and the victory of good over evil.
2. Ram Navami – Date varies (March/April)
   • Celebrates the birth of Lord Rama.

April

1. Baisakhi – 13th April
   • Harvest festival in Punjab and the founding day of the Khalsa.
2. Mahavir Jayanti – Date varies (April)
   • Celebrates the birth of Lord Mahavir, the founder of Jainism.

May

1. Labour Day – 1st May
   • Celebrates the contributions of workers.

June

1. Ganga Dussehra – Date varies
   • Celebrates the descent of the holy river Ganga to Earth.

July

1. Guru Purnima – Date varies (July)
   • A day to honor spiritual teachers and Gurus.

August

1. Raksha Bandhan – Date varies (August)
   • Celebrates the bond between brothers and sisters.
2. Independence Day – 15th August
   • Marks India’s independence from British rule in 1947.
3. Janmashtami – Date varies (August)
   • Celebrates the birth of Lord Krishna.
4. Onam – Date varies (August/September)
   • Celebrated in Kerala to mark the harvest season and honor King Mahabali.

September

1. Ganesh Chaturthi – Date varies (August/September)
   • Celebrates the birth of Lord Ganesha.
2. Navratri – Date varies (September/October)
   • A nine-night festival dedicated to the worship of Goddess Durga.

October

1. Dussehra (Vijayadashami) – Date varies (September/October)
   • Celebrates the victory of good over evil, symbolized by Lord Rama’s victory over Ravana.
2. Karwa Chauth – Date varies (October/November)
   • A fasting ritual observed by married women for the well-being of their husbands.

November

1. Diwali – Date varies (October/November)
   • Festival of lights, celebrating the victory of good over evil.
2. Govardhan Puja – Date varies (November)
   • Celebrates the lifting of the Govardhan Hill by Lord Krishna.
3. Bhai Dooj – Date varies (November)
   • Celebrates the bond between brothers and sisters, similar to Raksha Bandhan.

December

1. Christmas – 25th December
   • Celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ.
2. Good Friday – Date varies (March/April)
   • Marks the crucifixion of Jesus Christ.

National Symbols

1. National Flag

• Description: A horizontal tricolor of deep saffron at the top, white in the middle, and green at the bottom. In the center of the white band is a 24-spoke wheel, known as the Ashoka Chakra.
• Adopted: 22nd July 1947

2. National Emblem

• Description: The national emblem of India is a depiction of the Lion Capital of Ashoka, with four lions standing back-to-back, representing power, courage, confidence, and pride. Below the lions is the Ashoka Chakra with a wheel having 24 spokes.
• Adopted: 26th January 1950
• Motto: “Satyamev Jayate” (Truth Alone Triumphs)

3. National Anthem

• Title: Jana Gana Mana
• Composer: Rabindranath Tagore
• Adopted: 24th January 1950
• Duration: Full version is approximately 52 seconds long.

4. National Song

• Title: Vande Mataram
• Composer: Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (lyrics), Rabindranath Tagore (music)
• Adopted: 24th January 1950
• Significance: It is a patriotic song that became a rallying cry during India’s freedom movement.

5. National Flower

• Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)
• Significance: Symbolizes purity, beauty, wealth, and spiritual awakening.

6. National Tree

• Banyan Tree (Ficus benghalensis)
• Significance: Represents immortality and is a symbol of endurance and long life.

7. National Animal

• Royal Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)
• Significance: Represents strength, power, and courage.

8. National Bird

• Indian Peafowl (Peacock)
• Significance: Represents beauty, grace, and elegance, and is also the national bird due to its rich cultural heritage in India.

9. National Fruit

• Mango (Mangifera indica)
• Significance: Known as the “king of fruits,” symbolizing tropical India.

10. National River

• Ganges
• Significance: It is one of the holiest rivers for Hindus and has a special place in the cultural and spiritual life of the Indian subcontinent.

11. National Currency

• Indian Rupee (INR)
• Symbol: ₹
• Adopted: The symbol was officially adopted in 2010.

12. National Calendar

• Saka Calendar
• Adopted: 1957
• Start Year: It starts from 78 AD, and is used alongside the Gregorian calendar.

13. National Motto

• Satyamev Jayate (Truth Alone Triumphs)
• Source: Inscribed on the national emblem, it is from the Mundaka Upanishad.

14. National Sports

• Hockey
• Adopted: Hockey was declared the national sport in 1928.

15. National Coat of Arms

• It is the same as the National Emblem.

16. National Dance

• Bharatanatyam
• Significance: One of the oldest classical dance forms of India, originating in Tamil Nadu.

17. National Heritage Animal

• Elephant
• Significance: Represents strength, wisdom, and grandeur in Indian culture and religion.

Traditional Dresses of Rajasthan

For Men:

1. Dhoti and Kurta

   • Description: A traditional outfit worn by Rajasthani men, particularly in rural areas. The dhoti is a cloth wrapped around the waist, while the kurta is a long shirt.
   • Occasions: Worn on festive occasions, religious ceremonies, and weddings.

2. Sherwani

   • Description: A royal attire worn by men, usually for weddings and formal events. It is a long coat-like garment with rich embroidery and decorations.
   • Occasions: Weddings, royal gatherings, and ceremonies.

3. Achkan

   • Description: A traditional royal attire worn by men, similar to a long jacket, often paired with churidar (tight-fitting pants) or a lungi.
   • Occasions: Formal events, weddings, and cultural festivals.

4. Pagri (Turban)

   • Description: The turban or pagri is an essential part of Rajasthani men’s attire. The style and color of the pagri vary according to the region and community.
   • Occasions: Worn daily by men, especially during weddings, festivals, and other social events.

5. Bandhgala

   • Description: A high-neck coat worn with trousers, often paired with a safa (head turban). This is more formal wear, representing the royal influence in Rajasthan.
   • Occasions: Royal functions, weddings, and formal gatherings.

6. Kamarbandh

   • Description: A decorative waist belt, often worn with traditional attire for additional elegance. It is sometimes made of gold or silver.

For Women:

1. Ghagra Choli

   • Description: The most iconic traditional outfit for Rajasthani women, consisting of a ghagra (long skirt), choli (blouse), and a dupatta (scarf). The ghagras are often made of vibrant fabrics with mirror work, embroidery, and embellishments.
   • Occasions: Worn during festivals, weddings, and special occasions.

2. Lehenga Choli

   • Description: A more formal variation of the ghagra choli, often adorned with intricate embroidery, stones, and beads. The lehenga is typically longer and heavier.
   • Occasions: Weddings, royal events, and ceremonies.

3. Saree

   • Description: Though not as traditional as ghagras in Rajasthan, the saree is still worn by women, particularly for formal and cultural events.
   • Occasions: Weddings, festivals, and formal gatherings.

4. Odhni or Dupatta

   • Description: A long cloth worn by women, draped over the head or shoulders. In Rajasthan, this is often decorated with mirror work and embroidery, which is a hallmark of Rajasthani attire.
   • Occasions: Daily wear, weddings, and festivals.

5. Rajasthani Tunics

   • Description: A simple, comfortable tunic or long kurta often worn with salwar (loose pants) or churidar.
   • Occasions: Daily wear, casual outings.

Traditional Ornaments of Rajasthan

Rajasthani jewelry is known for its opulence, vibrant colors, and intricate designs, often inspired by royal heritage.

For Women:

1. Maang Tikka

   • Description: A traditional ornament worn on the forehead. It is often made of gold or silver, with a decorative pendant that hangs in the center of the forehead.
   • Occasions: Worn during weddings, festivals, and other traditional ceremonies.

2. Nath (Nose Ring)

   • Description: A large, ornate nose ring worn by Rajasthani women. It is often made of gold and studded with diamonds or pearls. The nath is an important part of the bridal ensemble in Rajasthan.
   • Occasions: Weddings, festive occasions.

3. Bajuband (Armlets)

   • Description: Decorative armlets worn on the upper arm, made of gold, silver, or other metals, often studded with precious stones.
   • Occasions: Worn during weddings and festivals.

4. Rakhdi

   • Description: A headpiece that is similar to a crown and is worn over the forehead. It is a traditional ornament worn by Rajasthani brides.
   • Occasions: Weddings and special ceremonies.

5. Chuda (Bangles)

   • Description: Chudas are traditional bangles worn by brides in Rajasthan, often made of ivory or gold. They are given as a symbol of marital status.
   • Occasions: Weddings.

6. Kundan Jewelry

   • Description: Traditional Rajasthani jewelry, particularly from Jaipur, which uses precious stones set in gold or silver. The kundan setting is known for its exquisite craftsmanship and beauty.
   • Occasions: Weddings, festive occasions.

7. Payal (Anklets)

   • Description: Ornamental anklets worn by women, often made with bells and metalwork. They are popular in Rajasthani folk dance and daily wear.
   • Occasions: Daily wear, dance performances, and festivals.

8. Toddi (Toe Ring)

   • Description: A traditional ring worn on the second toe by married women in Rajasthan.
   • Occasions: Worn by married women as a symbol of marriage.

For Men:

1. Kamarbandh (Waistband)

   • Description: A decorative waist ornament worn by men. It is made of metal, often gold or silver, and is worn over traditional attire.
   • Occasions: Weddings, royal functions.

2. Rajasthani Necklace

   • Description: A traditional necklace made of silver or gold, often adorned with stones and intricate patterns.
   • Occasions: Worn by men on formal occasions or cultural events.

3. Jadau Jewelry

   • Description: Precious jewelry made of gemstones set in gold or silver. It is popular in Rajasthan for both men and women, often used during royal ceremonies and weddings.

Rajasthani Foods

1. Dal Baati Churma

• Description: A signature Rajasthani dish consisting of baati (round wheat flour balls) that are baked, served with dal (lentil curry), and topped with churma (a sweet dish made from crushed baati, ghee, and sugar).
• Occasions: It is a staple meal in Rajasthan and is often served during festivals and weddings.

2. Gatte ki Sabzi

• Description: A popular Rajasthani curry made from gram flour dumplings (called gatte), which are boiled and then cooked in a spicy, tangy yogurt-based curry.
• Occasions: Often served with rice or chapati.

3. Laal Maas

• Description: A fiery, spicy meat curry made with mutton or goat, cooked in a rich red chili gravy. It is known for its intense heat and rich flavors.
• Occasions: A popular dish for special occasions and weddings.

4. Ker Sangri

• Description: A unique dish made from ker (a wild berry) and sangri (a desert bean), which are cooked with spices. This dish is a specialty of the arid regions of Rajasthan.
• Occasions: Commonly eaten during festivals and special gatherings.

5. Daal (Lentils)

• Description: Various types of lentils are used in Rajasthani cooking. The most famous is panchmel dal (a mixture of five types of lentils), which is cooked with spices and ghee.
• Occasions: Served daily with chapati or rice.

6. Bajre ki Roti

• Description: A traditional flatbread made from bajra (pearl millet), usually served with lehsun chutney (garlic chutney) and a variety of curries.
• Occasions: Popular in rural Rajasthan, especially in the winter months.

7. Pyaaz ki Kachori

• Description: A deep-fried pastry filled with a spicy onion filling. This snack is crispy on the outside and soft inside.
• Occasions: It is commonly eaten as a snack or breakfast in Rajasthan.

8. Methi Gotas

• Description: A deep-fried dish made from fenugreek leaves (methi) and besan (gram flour), served with chutneys.
• Occasions: Popular as a snack during the evening or as a side dish.

9. Safed Maas

• Description: A mild, creamy mutton curry cooked with yogurt, cream, and cashews. Unlike Laal Maas, this dish is not spicy but rich and flavorful.
• Occasions: Served during special occasions, particularly in royal families.

10. Bhutte ka Kees

• Description: A unique dish from the Malwa region of Rajasthan, made from grated corn, cooked with milk, and flavored with spices.
• Occasions: Eaten during monsoon season, often as a breakfast or snack.

11. Rajasthani Kadhi

• Description: A yogurt-based curry made with gram flour dumplings, similar to gatte ki sabzi but with a tangier and creamier flavor.
• Occasions: Served with rice, especially during weddings and special events.

12. Mawa Kachori

• Description: A sweet version of kachori filled with mawa (milk solids), sugar, and cardamom, deep-fried to perfection.
• Occasions: Popular as a dessert or sweet snack, especially during festivals like Diwali.

13. Churma Ladoo

• Description: A sweet made from churma (crumbled wheat flour balls) mixed with ghee, sugar, and cardamom. It is often served alongside dal baati.
• Occasions: Typically prepared during festivals and family celebrations.

14. Samosa

• Description: A well-known snack made of a crispy, flaky pastry filled with a spiced potato filling, peas, and sometimes nuts.
• Occasions: Popular as a tea-time snack and during festive gatherings.

15. Kaladi

• Description: A special cheese from Rajasthan made from cow’s milk. It is often fried and served as a snack or part of a meal.
• Occasions: A popular item in the local cuisine, especially in rural areas.

16. Shahi Gulkand

• Description: A sweet preserve made from rose petals, sugar, and cardamom. This is often served as a sweet treat or a digestive aid after meals.
• Occasions: Typically eaten during special occasions or as a dessert after a meal.

17. Ghevar

• Description: A traditional Rajasthani sweet made from flour, sugar, and ghee. It is shaped like a disc and often garnished with pistachios or silver leaf.
• Occasions: Commonly prepared during Teej and Raksha Bandhan festivals.

18. Malai Ghevar

• Description: A variation of Ghevar, topped with sweetened cream (malai) and garnished with dry fruits.
• Occasions: Often served during festive seasons like Diwali and Teej.

19. Chaas (Buttermilk)

• Description: A refreshing drink made from yogurt, water, and spices like cumin and coriander. It is a cooling drink popular in hot weather.
• Occasions: Served during meals, especially in the summer.

20. Thali

• Description: The Rajasthani thali is a traditional meal that consists of a variety of small dishes, including dal, baati, gatte ki sabzi, chapati, rice, chutneys, raita, and sweets.
• Occasions: Served in almost every Rajasthani household, especially during weddings, festivals, and large gatherings.

Architecture of Rajasthan

1. Rajput Architecture

Rajput architecture, which forms the foundation of much of Rajasthan’s architectural style, is characterized by massive fortresses, opulent palaces, and intricate decorations. This style focuses on showcasing power and grandeur.

• Palaces: Rajput palaces are known for their beautiful courtyards, decorative windows, frescoes, intricate carvings, and elegant arches. The Amer Palace in Jaipur and the City Palace in Udaipur are prime examples of Rajput architectural splendor.
• Fortresses: Rajput forts are strategically located on hilltops and elevated areas for defense. They feature large gates, fortified walls, and multiple layers of defense. Notable forts include Mehrangarh Fort (Jodhpur), Chittorgarh Fort, and Jaigarh Fort (Jaipur).
• Jharokhas and Jalis: These architectural features were used to create private spaces for royal women. Jharokhas are projecting balconies, and jalis are intricate lattice windows, both offering views without exposing the occupants.

2. Mughal Influence

The Mughals left a lasting impact on the architecture of Rajasthan, especially during their rule over parts of northern India. Mughal elements such as gardens, marble inlays, and symmetrical designs are evident in many Rajasthani buildings.

• Mughal Gardens: Many palaces and forts in Rajasthan feature lush gardens in the Mughal style. These gardens are laid out in a symmetrical design with water channels and fountains, providing both beauty and serenity. The Sukh Niwas in City Palace, Udaipur is an example.
• Marble Inlay Work: Mughals were known for their use of marble, and this is seen in the palaces and tombs in Rajasthan. The Taj Mahal inspired several similar structures in Rajasthan.

3. Jain Architecture

Jain temples in Rajasthan are renowned for their intricate marble work, exquisite carvings, and detailed frescoes. They are often built with great precision and beauty, reflecting the importance of spiritual practice and devotion.

• Dilwara Temples, Mount Abu: These temples are famous for their exceptional marble carvings. The temples have ornately carved ceilings, pillars, and walls, making them one of the most exquisite examples of Jain architecture in India.
• Ranakpur Jain Temple: Known for its remarkable marble architecture, this temple is dedicated to the first Tirthankara, Lord Adinatha. It features 1,444 intricately carved marble pillars.

4. Havelis

Havelis are traditional Rajasthani mansions that often showcase elaborate architecture with beautifully painted facades, intricate woodwork, and rich decorations. They were primarily built by merchant families in cities like Jaisalmer, Shekhawati, and Udaipur.

• Jaisalmer Havelis: The havelis of Jaisalmer, such as Patwon Ki Haveli and Salim Singh Ki Haveli, are prime examples of Rajasthani architecture. They are made from yellow sandstone, which gives them a golden hue, and feature stunning carvings.
• Shekhawati Havelis: Located in the Shekhawati region, these havelis are known for their ornate frescoes and wall paintings. The towns of Mandawa, Nawalgarh, and Jhunjhunu are famous for their havelis.

5. Temples

Rajasthan is home to several beautifully designed temples that reflect the state’s religious and artistic heritage. The architecture of these temples incorporates features like domes, spires, intricate carvings, and sculptures.

• Ranakpur Temple: As mentioned earlier, the Ranakpur Jain Temple is one of the most significant Jain temples in India, known for its grandeur and intricate marble architecture.
• Brahma Temple, Pushkar: This temple is one of the few temples dedicated to Lord Brahma, featuring a pyramidal spire and rich carvings.
• Eklingji Temple, Udaipur: A temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, this temple is a blend of traditional Rajput and Jain styles.

6. Stepwells (Baoris)

In Rajasthan, stepwells were designed to collect and store water, especially in the arid desert regions. These stepwells are often ornately designed, with multiple levels of stairs leading down to the water source.

• Panna Meena Ka Kund, Jaipur: This is one of the most famous stepwells in Rajasthan, known for its beautiful architecture and symmetry.
• Chand Baori, Abhaneri: One of the largest and deepest stepwells in Rajasthan, it is known for its remarkable geometric pattern.

7. Rajasthan’s Forts and Palaces

The fort and palace architecture of Rajasthan is characterized by vast courtyards, high walls, massive gates, and decorative elements. Many of these forts have defensive walls, gates, and watchtowers, which were intended to keep enemies at bay.

• Mehrangarh Fort, Jodhpur: This majestic fort, perched on a hill, is an example of Rajput military architecture. It houses many palaces, temples, and courtyards.
• Amber Fort, Jaipur: A blend of Hindu and Mughal architecture, the Amber Fort is known for its intricate mirror work and grand design.
• City Palace, Udaipur: A blend of Rajput, Mughal, and European architectural styles, this palace complex has numerous courtyards, gardens, and balconies, offering panoramic views of Lake Pichola.

8. Palace Architecture

Rajasthan’s palaces were designed to reflect the opulence and grandeur of the royal families. These palaces are characterized by large courtyards, exquisite mirror and glass work, and intricate frescoes.

• Lake Palace, Udaipur: Located in the middle of Lake Pichola, this palace is an architectural marvel made of white marble. It was once a royal residence and now serves as a luxury hotel.
• Umaid Bhawan Palace, Jodhpur: Built with sandstone, this palace is an example of Indo-Saracenic architecture and is one of the largest private residences in the world.

9. Regional Architectural Styles

• Mewar Style: The Mewar region, particularly Udaipur, has a unique style of architecture that incorporates Rajput and Mughal elements. The City Palace, Jagdish Temple, and Lake Palace are examples.
• Marwar Style: Found in Jodhpur and surrounding areas, this style includes massive forts like Mehrangarh, with elements of Persian and Mughal influences.
• Shekhawati Style: Known for its frescoes and wall paintings, this style is prevalent in towns like Mandawa, Nawalgarh, and Jhunjhunu.

Key Features of Rajasthani Architecture

• Use of Sandstone and Marble: Rajasthan’s architecture prominently features sandstone and marble, both of which are abundant in the region.
• Intricate Carvings: Whether in fort walls, palaces, or temples, detailed carvings of gods, goddesses, animals, and daily life can be seen.
• Jharokhas: Overhanging balconies are a common feature in palaces, allowing royal women to observe the outside world while remaining unseen.
• Courtyards: Central open spaces, often surrounded by rooms and halls, are typical of palaces and havelis.
• Domes and Arches: The use of domes and arches is a prominent feature in the construction of temples, palaces, and forts.

Rajasthan Tourist Places City-wise

1. Jaipur (The Pink City)

• Amber Fort: A magnificent fort with a blend of Hindu and Mughal architecture.
• Hawa Mahal: The iconic “Palace of Winds” known for its stunning lattice windows.
• City Palace: A royal palace complex with museums and courtyards.
• Jantar Mantar: An astronomical observatory with impressive stone instruments.
• Jaipur Fort (Nahargarh and Jaigarh): Offering panoramic views of the city, and home to many historical monuments.
• Albert Hall Museum: A museum displaying artifacts from Rajasthan’s royal past.

2. Udaipur (City of Lakes)

• Lake Pichola: A serene lake with boat rides offering views of palaces and temples.
• City Palace: A beautiful palace complex overlooking Lake Pichola.
• Jag Mandir: A royal island palace situated on Lake Pichola.
• Saheliyon Ki Bari: A historic garden with fountains and beautiful landscaping.
• Fateh Sagar Lake: Another scenic lake offering boat rides and stunning views.
• Jagdish Temple: An ancient Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu.

3. Jodhpur (The Blue City)

• Mehrangarh Fort: One of the largest forts in India, with a museum showcasing Rajasthan’s royal history.
• Umaid Bhawan Palace: A grand palace now converted into a luxury hotel.
• Clock Tower and Sardar Market: A bustling market known for handicrafts, spices, and textiles.
• Mandore Gardens: A garden housing temples, cenotaphs, and cenotaphs of Marwar rulers.
• Jaswant Thada: A marble cenotaph built in memory of Maharaja Jaswant Singh II.

4. Jaisalmer (The Golden City)

• Jaisalmer Fort: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, it’s one of the largest living forts in the world.
• Sam Sand Dunes: Experience camel rides and desert camping in the Thar Desert.
• Patwon Ki Haveli: A collection of five havelis with intricate carvings.
• Bada Bagh: A series of royal cenotaphs with scenic views.
• Desert National Park: A wildlife sanctuary located in the Thar Desert.

5. Bikaner

• Junagarh Fort: A well-preserved fort with several palaces and museums inside.
• Karni Mata Temple: Famous for its rat population, considered sacred by devotees.
• Lalgarh Palace: A palace blending Rajput and Mughal architectural styles, now a heritage hotel.
• Ganga Golden Jubilee Museum: Exhibits showcasing Bikaner’s rich history and culture.
• Kote Gate: A historic gate leading to the old city, surrounded by markets.

6. Pushkar

• Pushkar Lake: A sacred lake surrounded by temples and ghats.
• Brahma Temple: One of the few temples dedicated to Lord Brahma.
• Pushkar Camel Fair: A colorful annual event that draws thousands of visitors from around the world.
• Rangji Temple: A temple combining South Indian and Rajput architectural styles.
• Savitri Temple: Located on a hill offering panoramic views of Pushkar.

7. Jhalawar

• Jhalawar Fort: A historic fort known for its architecture and cultural significance.
• Gagron Fort: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, located at the confluence of two rivers.
• Chhapi Dam: A serene location, ideal for picnics and relaxation.

8. Alwar

• Sariska Tiger Reserve: A wildlife sanctuary known for its tigers and other wildlife.
• Alwar Fort: An ancient fort offering great views of the city.
• Bala Quila: A historic fort offering a panoramic view of the Alwar region.
• Siliserh Lake: A picturesque lake surrounded by Aravalli hills, perfect for boating and relaxation.
• Moosi Maharani Ki Chhatri: A beautiful cenotaph located in Alwar, dedicated to a queen.

9. Mount Abu (The Only Hill Station of Rajasthan)

• Dilwara Temples: Famous Jain temples known for their exquisite marble carvings.
• Sunset Point: A hilltop viewpoint offering a stunning view of the sun setting over the Aravalli range.
• Nakki Lake: A serene lake surrounded by mountains, perfect for boating.
• Guru Shikhar: The highest point in Rajasthan, offering panoramic views of the surroundings.
• Achalgarh Fort: A historic fort with scenic views of the surrounding hills.

10. Kota

• Garadia Mahadev Temple: A temple located on a cliff with scenic views of the Chambal River.
• Chambal Garden: A peaceful garden with a riverfront view, ideal for relaxing.
• Kishore Sagar Lake: A serene lake located in the city with beautiful surroundings.
• City Palace: A historic palace located on the banks of the Chambal River.

11. Nathdwara

• Shrinathji Temple: A highly revered temple dedicated to Lord Krishna, attracting thousands of devotees.
• Haldighati: The site of the historic Battle of Haldighati, now a monument to Maharana Pratap.
• Kumbhalgarh Fort: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, it is known for its massive walls and historical significance.

12. Sikar

• Rani Sati Temple: A revered temple dedicated to the goddess Rani Sati.
• Shekhawati Havelis: Known for their intricate frescoes and paintings, these havelis are located throughout the region.
• Harshnath Temple: An ancient temple atop a hill offering panoramic views.

13. Churu

• Churu Fort: A historic fort offering a great view of the town.
• Churu Havelis: Beautiful havelis with intricate frescoes depicting Rajasthan’s royal culture.
• Khaman Sar Lake: A peaceful spot surrounded by scenic landscapes.

14. Bhilwara

• Meja Dam: A serene location surrounded by natural beauty, ideal for picnics and photography.
• Mandalgarh Fort: A historic fort located near the town, known for its architecture and views.
• Sambhar Lake: The largest saline lake in India, famous for its salt production.

15. Barmer

• Barmer Fort: An ancient fort offering views of the city and nearby landscapes.
• Kiradu Temples: Ancient temples known for their detailed carvings and historical significance.
• Mahavir Swami Temple: A Jain temple with intricate architecture.

16. Tonk

• Tonk Fort: A royal fort known for its historical significance and architecture.
• Sunehri Kothi: A mansion with golden frescoes, reflecting Rajasthan’s royal past.
• Ganga Ramji Temple: An ancient temple dedicated to Lord Ganga Ram.

17. Pali

• Nimbark Peeth: A religious site known for its spiritual significance.
• Somnath Temple: A temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, located in the city of Pali.
• Lalwari Temple: An ancient temple with intricate carvings.

18. Dholpur

• Dholpur Palace: A beautiful palace now converted into a hotel, offering an insight into royal history.
• Savitri Temple: A temple located on a hilltop, offering a panoramic view of the surrounding area.
• Ranthambore National Park: Famous for tiger sightings and other wildlife.

19. Jaisalmer

• Jaisalmer Fort: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, it is one of the largest living forts in the world.
• Patwon Ki Haveli: A beautiful collection of five havelis, known for their detailed carvings and architecture.
• Sam Sand Dunes: A desert experience with camel rides and cultural performances.

Major great personalities and pride of Rajasthan

1. Maharana Pratap (1540–1597)

• Profession: Warrior King
• Pride of Rajasthan: Maharana Pratap is remembered as a symbol of bravery, resilience, and patriotism. He fought valiantly against the Mughal Empire, most notably in the Battle of Haldighati in 1576. His resistance to Akbar’s forces earned him a special place in Indian history.
• Legacy: The Maharana’s battle against the mighty Mughals and his unwavering commitment to his land made him a revered figure in Rajasthan.

2. Rajput Rani Jhansi Ki Rani Laxmibai (1828–1858)

• Profession: Queen, Warrior
• Pride of Rajasthan: Though originally from Varanasi, Rani Laxmibai is celebrated across Rajasthan for her courage and role in the First War of Indian Independence (1857). She led her forces in the defense of Jhansi and fought against the British, symbolizing the spirit of resistance in Rajasthan and India.
• Legacy: Rani Laxmibai’s fearless leadership made her an iconic figure in India’s struggle for independence.

Heritage of Rajasthan (Forts, Palaces and Monuments)

Forts of Rajasthan

1. Amber Fort (Jaipur)

   • History: Built by Raja Man Singh in 1592, Amber Fort is a stunning blend of Hindu and Mughal architectural styles. The fort is famous for its intricate carvings, beautiful courtyards, and the Sheesh Mahal (Mirror Palace).
   • Significance: The fort was the main residence of the Rajput Maharajas until Jaipur city was established.

2. Mehrangarh Fort (Jodhpur)

   • History: One of the largest and most magnificent forts in India, Mehrangarh Fort was built by Rao Jodha in 1459. The fort stands on a hill 400 feet above the city and offers spectacular views of Jodhpur.
   • Significance: It houses several palaces, museums, and temples, showcasing Rajasthan’s royal history.

3. Chittorgarh Fort (Chittorgarh)

   • History: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Chittorgarh Fort is one of the largest forts in India. It was the capital of the Mewar Kingdom for many centuries.
   • Significance: Known for its massive gates, Vijay Stambh (Victory Tower), and the tragic history of Rani Padmini, the fort symbolizes Rajput bravery.

4. Kumbhalgarh Fort (Rajsamand)

   • History: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Kumbhalgarh Fort is known for its 36 km-long walls, which are the second-longest continuous wall in the world after the Great Wall of China.
   • Significance: The fort has a rich history and is a symbol of Rajput resistance. The fort also houses numerous temples and palaces.

5. Jaisalmer Fort (Jaisalmer)

   • History: Known as the “Golden Fort” due to its yellow sandstone architecture, Jaisalmer Fort was built in 1156 by Raja Jaisal. It is one of the largest fully preserved fortified cities in the world.
   • Significance: It contains palaces, temples, and merchant havelis, all within the fort walls, with vibrant markets and a living community.

6. Ranthambore Fort (Sawai Madhopur)

   • History: Situated within the Ranthambore National Park, this fort was built in the 10th century and has witnessed numerous battles.
   • Significance: The fort is famous for its ancient temples, and it offers views of the surrounding jungle, home to tigers and other wildlife.

7. Gagron Fort (Jhalawar)

   • History: A unique fort that stands amidst a river, Gagron Fort is a blend of land and water fortification. Built in the 12th century, it is one of the Hill and Water Forts of Rajasthan, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
   • Significance: It is known for its strategic location and scenic beauty.

8. Taragarh Fort (Bundi)

   • History: Built in 1354 by Maharaja Rao Bhatiji, Taragarh Fort is located on a hilltop and offers a panoramic view of Bundi.
   • Significance: The fort is known for its bastions, unique step wells, and murals.

9. Junagarh Fort (Bikaner)

   • History: Built by Raja Rai Singh in 1593, Junagarh Fort is unique as it was not built on a hill but on a plain. It is a magnificent example of Rajput military architecture.
   • Significance: The fort houses several temples, palaces, and courtyards, with exquisite frescoes and carvings.

10. Neemrana Fort (Neemrana)

    • History: Built in the 15th century by the Nimola Meo, Neemrana Fort is now a heritage hotel. It is one of the oldest heritage hotels in India.
    • Significance: The fort is known for its grandeur and the splendid restoration that allows guests to experience royal luxury.

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Palaces of Rajasthan

1. City Palace (Jaipur)

   • History: Built by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, City Palace is a stunning blend of Rajasthani and Mughal architecture.
   • Significance: The palace complex includes courtyards, gardens, temples, and museums, showcasing the royal lifestyle.

2. Udaipur City Palace (Udaipur)

   • History: This majestic palace, built by Maharana Udai Singh II in the 16th century, is the largest palace complex in Rajasthan.
   • Significance: The palace offers stunning views of Lake Pichola and is famous for its intricate architecture, murals, and courtyards.

3. Lake Palace (Udaipur)

   • History: Situated on Lake Pichola, the Lake Palace was built by Maharana Jagat Singh II in 1754.
   • Significance: The palace appears to float on the lake and is now a luxury hotel, offering a romantic and royal experience.

4. Jal Mahal (Jaipur)

   • History: Built in the 18th century by Maharaja Jai Singh II, Jal Mahal is a beautiful palace located in the middle of Man Sagar Lake.
   • Significance: The palace is famous for its picturesque setting and architectural beauty, blending with the lake’s natural surroundings.

5. Umaid Bhawan Palace (Jodhpur)

   • History: Built by Maharaja Umaid Singh in the 20th century, this is one of the largest private residences in the world.
   • Significance: The palace is renowned for its Art Deco style and its use of Golden Yellow sandstone. It is now a luxury hotel and houses a museum.

6. Samode Palace (Samode)

   • History: The palace is famous for its Rajasthani architecture, dating back to the 16th century.
   • Significance: Known for its magnificent frescoes, intricate mirror work, and beautiful gardens, Samode Palace is a heritage hotel.

7. Rambagh Palace (Jaipur)

   • History: Originally built as a hunting lodge for the Maharaja of Jaipur, this palace was later converted into a royal residence.
   • Significance: Known for its exquisite Mughal gardens and royal architecture, the palace is now a luxury hotel.

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Monuments of Rajasthan

1. Jantar Mantar (Jaipur)

   • History: Built by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II in 1734, this astronomical observatory is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
   • Significance: It houses a collection of architectural astronomical instruments, including the Samrat Yantra, the largest stone sundial in the world.

2. Albert Hall Museum (Jaipur)

   • History: Built in the 19th century, this museum is an example of Indo-Saracenic architecture.
   • Significance: It houses a rich collection of artifacts, including sculptures, paintings, and textiles from Rajasthan’s royal history.

3. Gateway of India (Jaipur)

   • History: This historic gateway was built by the Maharaja of Jaipur to commemorate the visit of King George V and Queen Mary in 1911.
   • Significance: The monument stands as a symbol of Rajasthan’s royal past and its ties with British India.

4. Vijay Stambh (Chittorgarh)

   • History: Built by Maharana Kumbha in 1448, the Victory Tower commemorates his victory over Mahmud Shah of Gujarat.
   • Significance: The tower is a symbol of Rajput valor and is one of the major attractions of Chittorgarh Fort.

5. Rani Padmini’s Palace (Chittorgarh)

   • History: Known for its tragic history, this palace is said to be the place where Rani Padmini performed Jauhar (self-immolation) to protect her honor.
   • Significance: The palace stands as a symbol of Rajput pride and sacrifice.

6. Pushkar Lake (Pushkar)

   • History: Known as one of the oldest lakes in India, it is associated with the legend of Lord Brahma.
   • Significance: The lake and the surrounding temples, especially the Brahma Temple, make it a sacred site for Hindus.

7. Rathambore Fort (Sawai Madhopur)

   • History: Situated inside Ranthambore National Park, the fort dates back to the 10th century and has a rich history related to Rajasthan’s royal families.
   • Significance: The fort and its surroundings are home to numerous species of wildlife, including the Bengal Tiger.

 

3. Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II (1688–1743)

• Profession: King, Architect, Astronomer
• Pride of Rajasthan: Founder of Jaipur, Jai Singh II was not only a ruler but also an accomplished astronomer and architect. He built Jantar Mantar in Jaipur, which is an astronomical observatory, and he also established other significant structures in his city that showcased his vision and intellect.
• Legacy: His architectural genius and efforts to make Jaipur a well-planned city make him a celebrated figure in Rajasthan’s history.

4. Sardar Patel (1875–1950)

• Profession: Politician, Statesman
• Pride of Rajasthan: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel played a key role in the integration of India post-independence, ensuring that Rajasthan’s princely states were merged into the Indian Union. He was instrumental in the formation of Rajasthan by consolidating the various princely states into one unified entity.
• Legacy: Known as the “Iron Man of India,” his contributions are honored across the country, especially through the Statue of Unity in Gujarat.

5. Prithviraj Chauhan (1149–1192)

• Profession: King, Warrior
• Pride of Rajasthan: Prithviraj Chauhan was one of the most famous Rajput rulers, known for his courage and valiant defense of his kingdom. He famously fought against Muhammad Ghori at the Second Battle of Tarain (1192) and became a symbol of Rajput pride and valor.
• Legacy: His bravery and leadership are celebrated in Rajput history, especially through the ballad Prithviraj Raso.

6. Bhagat Singh (1907–1931)

• Profession: Freedom Fighter, Martyr
• Pride of Rajasthan: Bhagat Singh, although born in Punjab, has deep connections with Rajasthan. His association with Rajasthan comes from his revolutionary activities and influence on freedom movements across the state.
• Legacy: Known for his fearless stance against British colonial rule, Bhagat Singh’s legacy continues to inspire freedom fighters and activists in Rajasthan and across India.

7. Mirabai (1498–1547)

• Profession: Saint, Poetess, Devotee
• Pride of Rajasthan: Meera Bai, one of the most revered saints of Rajasthan, is known for her devotional songs dedicated to Lord Krishna. A Rajput princess by birth, she defied social norms and the oppressive structures of her time, spreading the message of love and devotion.
• Legacy: Meera Bai’s bhajans and poems continue to inspire spirituality and devotion in Rajasthan and beyond.

8. Lala Lajpat Rai (1865–1928)

• Profession: Freedom Fighter, Politician
• Pride of Rajasthan: Known as Punjab Kesari, Lala Lajpat Rai played a key role in the Indian independence movement. His connection with Rajasthan lies in his influence on the socio-political reforms in the state and his support for education and anti-colonial activities.
• Legacy: His martyrdom in the struggle against British repression, particularly after the Lathi Charge in 1928, left a lasting impact on the national movement.

9. Dr. Keshav Malik (1933–2022)

• Profession: Poet, Author, Scholar
• Pride of Rajasthan: Dr. Keshav Malik was an acclaimed poet and writer, known for his deep understanding of Indian culture, especially the nuances of Rajasthani literature. His works were widely recognized in literary circles, particularly in the field of Hindi and Rajasthani poetry.
• Legacy: Dr. Malik’s literary contributions have brought attention to Rajasthan’s rich cultural and literary heritage.

10. Ghasi Ram (18th Century)

• Profession: Folk Hero, Poet
• Pride of Rajasthan: Ghasi Ram was a folk hero of Rajasthan, known for his poetic works that highlighted the social and cultural aspects of Rajasthan. His poetry, songs, and ballads are a reflection of the life and struggles of common people in Rajasthan.
• Legacy: Ghasi Ram’s poems continue to be celebrated in Rajasthani folk music.

11. Kanhaiyalal Sethia (1924–1982)

• Profession: Poet, Writer
• Pride of Rajasthan: A prominent poet and writer of Rajasthan, Kanhaiyalal Sethia is remembered for his contribution to Rajasthani literature and his poems that reflect the emotions, struggles, and cultural richness of Rajasthan.
• Legacy: He is best known for his collection of Rajasthani poems and songs that remain an integral part of Rajasthan’s cultural heritage.

12. Shyamji Krishna Varma (1857–1930)

• Profession: Freedom Fighter, Scholar
• Pride of Rajasthan: Born in Bhuj, Gujarat, Shyamji Krishna Varma’s contributions to the Indian independence movement have a strong influence in Rajasthan as well. He founded the Indian Home Rule Society in London and was associated with leading revolutionary activities that spread to Rajasthan.
• Legacy: He is remembered for his efforts to bring awareness about the Indian struggle for independence to the global stage.

13. Hawa Singh (1941–2016)

• Profession: Boxer
• Pride of Rajasthan: Hawa Singh, a legendary Indian boxer from Rajasthan, won multiple national championships and was the first Indian boxer to win a gold medal in the Asian Games.
• Legacy: His achievements in the boxing ring have earned him a place as one of the greatest sports icons of Rajasthan.

14. Chandra Shekhar Azad (1906–1931)

• Profession: Freedom Fighter
• Pride of Rajasthan: Azad, although born in Uttar Pradesh, spent much of his time organizing resistance against British rule in Rajasthan, especially in the Chambal region.
• Legacy: Known for his fierce independence and his iconic last stand against the British forces, Azad’s role in the Indian freedom struggle is deeply remembered in Rajasthan.

Heritage of Rajasthan (Forts, Palaces and Monuments)

Forts of Rajasthan

1. Amber Fort (Jaipur)

   • History: Built by Raja Man Singh in 1592, Amber Fort is a stunning blend of Hindu and Mughal architectural styles. The fort is famous for its intricate carvings, beautiful courtyards, and the Sheesh Mahal (Mirror Palace).
   • Significance: The fort was the main residence of the Rajput Maharajas until Jaipur city was established.

2. Mehrangarh Fort (Jodhpur)

   • History: One of the largest and most magnificent forts in India, Mehrangarh Fort was built by Rao Jodha in 1459. The fort stands on a hill 400 feet above the city and offers spectacular views of Jodhpur.
   • Significance: It houses several palaces, museums, and temples, showcasing Rajasthan’s royal history.

3. Chittorgarh Fort (Chittorgarh)

   • History: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Chittorgarh Fort is one of the largest forts in India. It was the capital of the Mewar Kingdom for many centuries.
   • Significance: Known for its massive gates, Vijay Stambh (Victory Tower), and the tragic history of Rani Padmini, the fort symbolizes Rajput bravery.

4. Kumbhalgarh Fort (Rajsamand)

   • History: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Kumbhalgarh Fort is known for its 36 km-long walls, which are the second-longest continuous wall in the world after the Great Wall of China.
   • Significance: The fort has a rich history and is a symbol of Rajput resistance. The fort also houses numerous temples and palaces.

5. Jaisalmer Fort (Jaisalmer)

   • History: Known as the “Golden Fort” due to its yellow sandstone architecture, Jaisalmer Fort was built in 1156 by Raja Jaisal. It is one of the largest fully preserved fortified cities in the world.
   • Significance: It contains palaces, temples, and merchant havelis, all within the fort walls, with vibrant markets and a living community.

6. Ranthambore Fort (Sawai Madhopur)

   • History: Situated within the Ranthambore National Park, this fort was built in the 10th century and has witnessed numerous battles.
   • Significance: The fort is famous for its ancient temples, and it offers views of the surrounding jungle, home to tigers and other wildlife.

7. Gagron Fort (Jhalawar)

   • History: A unique fort that stands amidst a river, Gagron Fort is a blend of land and water fortification. Built in the 12th century, it is one of the Hill and Water Forts of Rajasthan, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
   • Significance: It is known for its strategic location and scenic beauty.

8. Taragarh Fort (Bundi)

   • History: Built in 1354 by Maharaja Rao Bhatiji, Taragarh Fort is located on a hilltop and offers a panoramic view of Bundi.
   • Significance: The fort is known for its bastions, unique step wells, and murals.

9. Junagarh Fort (Bikaner)

   • History: Built by Raja Rai Singh in 1593, Junagarh Fort is unique as it was not built on a hill but on a plain. It is a magnificent example of Rajput military architecture.
   • Significance: The fort houses several temples, palaces, and courtyards, with exquisite frescoes and carvings.

10. Neemrana Fort (Neemrana)

    • History: Built in the 15th century by the Nimola Meo, Neemrana Fort is now a heritage hotel. It is one of the oldest heritage hotels in India.
    • Significance: The fort is known for its grandeur and the splendid restoration that allows guests to experience royal luxury.

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Palaces of Rajasthan

1. City Palace (Jaipur)

   • History: Built by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, City Palace is a stunning blend of Rajasthani and Mughal architecture.
   • Significance: The palace complex includes courtyards, gardens, temples, and museums, showcasing the royal lifestyle.

2. Udaipur City Palace (Udaipur)

   • History: This majestic palace, built by Maharana Udai Singh II in the 16th century, is the largest palace complex in Rajasthan.
   • Significance: The palace offers stunning views of Lake Pichola and is famous for its intricate architecture, murals, and courtyards.

3. Lake Palace (Udaipur)

   • History: Situated on Lake Pichola, the Lake Palace was built by Maharana Jagat Singh II in 1754.
   • Significance: The palace appears to float on the lake and is now a luxury hotel, offering a romantic and royal experience.

4. Jal Mahal (Jaipur)

   • History: Built in the 18th century by Maharaja Jai Singh II, Jal Mahal is a beautiful palace located in the middle of Man Sagar Lake.
   • Significance: The palace is famous for its picturesque setting and architectural beauty, blending with the lake’s natural surroundings.

5. Umaid Bhawan Palace (Jodhpur)

   • History: Built by Maharaja Umaid Singh in the 20th century, this is one of the largest private residences in the world.
   • Significance: The palace is renowned for its Art Deco style and its use of Golden Yellow sandstone. It is now a luxury hotel and houses a museum.

6. Samode Palace (Samode)

   • History: The palace is famous for its Rajasthani architecture, dating back to the 16th century.
   • Significance: Known for its magnificent frescoes, intricate mirror work, and beautiful gardens, Samode Palace is a heritage hotel.

7. Rambagh Palace (Jaipur)

   • History: Originally built as a hunting lodge for the Maharaja of Jaipur, this palace was later converted into a royal residence.
   • Significance: Known for its exquisite Mughal gardens and royal architecture, the palace is now a luxury hotel.

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Monuments of Rajasthan

1. Jantar Mantar (Jaipur)

   • History: Built by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II in 1734, this astronomical observatory is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
   • Significance: It houses a collection of architectural astronomical instruments, including the Samrat Yantra, the largest stone sundial in the world.

2. Albert Hall Museum (Jaipur)

   • History: Built in the 19th century, this museum is an example of Indo-Saracenic architecture.
   • Significance: It houses a rich collection of artifacts, including sculptures, paintings, and textiles from Rajasthan’s royal history.

3. Gateway of India (Jaipur)

   • History: This historic gateway was built by the Maharaja of Jaipur to commemorate the visit of King George V and Queen Mary in 1911.
   • Significance: The monument stands as a symbol of Rajasthan’s royal past and its ties with British India.

4. Vijay Stambh (Chittorgarh)

   • History: Built by Maharana Kumbha in 1448, the Victory Tower commemorates his victory over Mahmud Shah of Gujarat.
   • Significance: The tower is a symbol of Rajput valor and is one of the major attractions of Chittorgarh Fort.

5. Rani Padmini’s Palace (Chittorgarh)

   • History: Known for its tragic history, this palace is said to be the place where Rani Padmini performed Jauhar (self-immolation) to protect her honor.
   • Significance: The palace stands as a symbol of Rajput pride and sacrifice.

6. Pushkar Lake (Pushkar)

   • History: Known as one of the oldest lakes in India, it is associated with the legend of Lord Brahma.
   • Significance: The lake and the surrounding temples, especially the Brahma Temple, make it a sacred site for Hindus.

7. Rathambore Fort (Sawai Madhopur)

   • History: Situated inside Ranthambore National Park, the fort dates back to the 10th century and has a rich history related to Rajasthan’s royal families.
   • Significance: The fort and its surroundings are home to numerous species of wildlife, including the Bengal Tiger.

Paintings of Rajasthan

1. Miniature Paintings

• Overview: Rajasthani miniature paintings are known for their meticulous detail, fine brushwork, and vibrant colors. They were primarily painted on paper or ivory and were used to adorn the walls of palaces and temples, as well as in manuscripts and books.
• Styles of Rajasthani Miniature Paintings:

a. Mewar School of Painting

• Origin: Mewar (Udaipur)
• Themes: These paintings often depict scenes from Rajput history, including battles, courtly life, and royal portraits. The style is known for its bold colors and elegant compositions.
• Famous Works: Raja Bhoj’s Court, Mewar’s Victory over Mughals.

b. Marwar School of Painting

• Origin: Marwar (Jodhpur)
• Themes: This style is characterized by vibrant colors, floral patterns, and portraiture. Marwar paintings often depict royal courts, rural life, nature, and Hindu mythology.
• Famous Works: Jodhpur rulers’ portraits, Pehliwan’s wrestling scenes.

c. Bundi School of Painting

• Origin: Bundi (Bundi)
• Themes: Known for its naturalistic depiction of figures, especially animals and birds. The Bundi school is famous for its detailed landscapes and courtly scenes.
• Famous Works: Bundi Rulers in Courtly Scenes, Portrait of Maharaja.

d. Kishangarh School of Painting

• Origin: Kishangarh (Ajmer)
• Themes: Kishangarh paintings are known for their depiction of Radha-Krishna love and romantic themes. The paintings often feature elegant figures, graceful expressions, and soft tones.
• Famous Works: The famous portrait of Maharaja Sawant Singh as Krishna, Radha and Krishna series.

e. Jaipur School of Painting

• Origin: Jaipur
• Themes: The Jaipur school blends Persian and Rajput traditions with a focus on court life, royal portraits, festivals, and religious themes. These paintings are characterized by bold outlines and bright colors.
• Famous Works: Court Scenes, Mughal-inspired portraits, Royal Processions.

2. Phad Paintings

• Origin: Bhilwara, Rajasthan
• Description: Phad is a traditional style of painting on a long piece of cloth or canvas, which narrates stories of local deities and heroes. The paintings are typically done in bright colors with minimal shading, and they depict religious themes.
• Significance: These paintings were used as portable temples by the Bhil and Meena tribes, who would carry them during their pilgrimages.
• Famous Works: Pabuji Ki Phad, Devnarayan Ki Phad.

3. Pichwai Paintings

• Origin: Udaipur
• Description: Pichwai paintings are large, intricate works painted on cloth, depicting scenes from the life of Lord Krishna, particularly his childhood and spiritual teachings. The focus is on Krishna’s divine leela (play), and the paintings are often seen in temples of Shreenathji.
• Themes: Krishna playing the flute, Radha-Krishna in romantic settings, Krishna’s childhood.
• Significance: Pichwai paintings have a deep spiritual significance and are closely associated with the Shreenathji Temple in Nathdwara.

4. Warli Paintings

• Origin: Rajasthan
• Description: Warli is a traditional tribal art form of Rajasthan that primarily uses geometric shapes such as triangles, circles, and squares to create intricate patterns. This form is typically done using white paint on mud walls, and the paintings depict daily life, nature, and rituals.
• Significance: These paintings are deeply rooted in the tribal culture of Rajasthan and are closely tied to religious beliefs and celebrations.

5. Mandana Paintings

• Origin: Rajasthan
• Description: Mandana paintings are a form of wall art practiced by Rajasthani women in rural areas. These paintings are created on the walls of homes, especially during festivals and marriages. The designs are created using white lime paste and are highly geometric and symbolic.
• Themes: Geometric patterns, symbolic figures, traditional motifs.
• Significance: Mandana paintings are said to bring good luck and prosperity to the household.

6. Sanganeri Block Printing

• Origin: Sanganer, near Jaipur
• Description: Sanganeri block printing is a famous textile art form in Rajasthan. It involves the use of hand-carved wooden blocks to print intricate designs on fabric, particularly cotton and silk. The designs are often floral or geometric, with vibrant colors.
• Significance: Sanganeri prints are widely used for bed linens, tablecloths, and traditional Rajasthani attire.

7. Jaipur Blue Pottery

• Origin: Jaipur
• Description: Jaipur Blue Pottery is a famous art form known for its use of vibrant blue dyes and intricate floral and geometric patterns. The pottery is made from fired clay and then painted using natural dyes.
• Significance: It is a unique form of pottery that is associated with the royal culture of Jaipur.

8. Gharana Art

• Origin: Rajasthan
• Description: Gharana art is a form of portrait painting that is focused on creating lifelike portraits of kings, queens, and royal figures. These works often show the regal grandeur of Rajasthan’s royal families.
• Significance: Gharana portraits are significant for historical documentation and were commissioned by kings and queens.

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Themes in Rajasthani Paintings

• Mythological Stories: Many Rajasthani paintings depict scenes from Hindu mythology, such as stories of Radha and Krishna, Rama and Sita, and the lives of saints.
• Royal Courts: Paintings of royal courts, palaces, and festivals are common, illustrating the grandeur of Rajasthan’s kings and queens.
• Nature and Wildlife: Intricate depictions of animals, birds, flora, and fauna are central to many Rajasthan styles, such as the Bundi and Mewar schools.
• Religious Themes: Many Rajasthani paintings, particularly in the Pichwai and Phad styles, depict deities and religious scenes.

Rajasthani Phrases

1. Greeting and Polite Phrases

• Ram Ram Sa (राम राम सा)

  • Meaning: A common greeting in Rajasthan, similar to “Hello” or “Good Morning.”
  • English: “Hello” or “Greetings”

• Khamma Ghani (खम्मा घणी)

  • Meaning: A respectful greeting used to welcome someone.
  • English: “Greetings” or “Welcome”

• Su Swagatam (सु स्वागतम्)

  • Meaning: Welcome, used to greet guests.
  • English: “Welcome”

• Tame Kevi Reho (तामे केवी रहो)

  • Meaning: How are you?
  • English: “How are you?”

• Bhai Sa (भाई सा)

  • Meaning: Used to address a male politely, like “Brother” or “Sir.”
  • English: “Brother” or “Sir”

• Bahu Sa (बाहु सा)

  • Meaning: Used to address a female politely, like “Sister” or “Madam.”
  • English: “Sister” or “Ma’am”

• Jai Jinendra (जय जिनेन्द्र)

  • Meaning: A religious greeting often used by Jains.
  • English: “Hail Lord Jinendra” (used as a respectful greeting)

2. Common Phrases

• Khamma Ghani Sa, Aap Kaim Hai? (खम्मा घणी सा, आप क़ैम है?)

  • Meaning: “Greetings, how are you?”
  • English: “Greetings, how are you?”

• Mafi Karo (माफ़ी करो)

  • Meaning: Excuse me / Sorry
  • English: “Sorry” or “Excuse me”

• Thik Hai (ठीक है)

  • Meaning: Okay / Fine
  • English: “Okay” or “Fine”

• Padharo Sa (पधारो सा)

  • Meaning: Welcome (often used to invite guests)
  • English: “Please come in” or “Welcome”

• Dheere Dheere (धीरे धीरे)

  • Meaning: Slowly or Gently
  • English: “Slowly” or “Gently”

3. Asking for Help

• Thare Kol Kya Hai? (थारे कोल क्या है?)

  • Meaning: What do you have?
  • English: “What do you have?”

• Mane Madad Chahiye (मने मदद चाहिए)

  • Meaning: I need help.
  • English: “I need help”

• Kya Tumhe Pata Hai? (क्या तुमे पता है?)

  • Meaning: Do you know?
  • English: “Do you know?”

4. Directions and Travel

• Yahan Se Kaha Jaana Hai? (यहां से कहाँ जाना है?)

  • Meaning: Where do we need to go from here?
  • English: “Where should we go from here?”

• Thoda Sa Idhar Jao (थोड़ा सा इधर जाओ)

  • Meaning: Go a little this way.
  • English: “Go a little this way.”

• Seedha Jao (सीधा जाओ)

  • Meaning: Go straight.
  • English: “Go straight.”

5. Expressing Gratitude and Politeness

• Aapno Bahut Dhanyawad (आपनो बहुत धन्यवाद)

  • Meaning: Thank you very much.
  • English: “Thank you very much.”

• Aapko Bahut Bahut Shukriya (आपको बहुत बहुत शुक्रिया)

  • Meaning: A way of saying “Thanks a lot.”
  • English: “Thank you very much.”

• Apno Saath Reho (आपनो साथ रहो)

  • Meaning: Stay with us (as in keeping close relations).
  • English: “Stay with us.”

• Koi Baat Nahi (कोई बात नहीं)

  • Meaning: It’s okay / No worries.
  • English: “No worries” or “It’s okay.”

6. Expressing Happiness and Emotions

• Badi Khushi Hui (बड़ी खुशी हुई)

  • Meaning: I’m very happy.
  • English: “I’m very happy.”

• Mane Bahut Khushi Hai (मने बहुत खुशी है)

  • Meaning: I am very happy.
  • English: “I am very happy.”

• Dhoom Mach Gai (धूम मच गई)

  • Meaning: There’s a lot of excitement.
  • English: “There’s a lot of excitement.”

7. Family and Relationships

• Aapna Parivar Kaisa Hai? (आपना परिवार कैसा है?)

  • Meaning: How is your family?
  • English: “How is your family?”

• Mhara Bachho (म्हारा बच्चो)

  • Meaning: My children.
  • English: “My children.”

• Tharo Ghar Kahan Hai? (थारो घर कहाँ है?)

  • Meaning: Where is your house?
  • English: “Where is your house?”

8. Everyday Activities

• Mane Bhook Lagi Hai (मने भूख लगी है)

  • Meaning: I’m hungry.
  • English: “I’m hungry.”

• Thoda Ruk Ja (थोड़ा रुक जा)

  • Meaning: Wait a little.
  • English: “Wait a little.”

• Chalo, Khaana Khaao (चलो, खाना खाओ)

  • Meaning: Come, let’s eat.
  • English: “Come, let’s eat.”

9. Farewell Phrases

• Alvida Sa (अलविदा सा)

  • Meaning: Goodbye.
  • English: “Goodbye.”

• Padharo Sa Fir (पधारो सा फिर)

  • Meaning: Come again.
  • English: “Come again.”

• Aapko Phir Milenge (आपको फिर मिलेंगे)

  • Meaning: We will meet again.
  • English: “We will meet again.”

Lokdevta of Rajasthan

1. Pabuji

• Region: Marwar, especially in Pali and Jodhpur districts.
• Significance: Pabuji is a popular Rajput folk hero and a deity of the Bhil community. He is considered a protector of cattle and is also worshipped as a god who helps people in need. His stories are often depicted in Phad paintings and are sung by the Bhopa priests.
• Legends: Pabuji is believed to have saved the cattle from danger and defeated evil forces. His devotion to the goddess Vasundhara and his heroic acts are central to his worship.

2. Devnarayan

• Region: Ajmer, Bhilwara, Chittorgarh, and surrounding areas.
• Significance: Devnarayan is considered a protector deity and is widely worshipped in Rajasthan, especially by the Rajputs and Bhil tribes. He is regarded as a local god of the Dewal community, and his stories are recited through the Phad paintings and devotional songs.
• Legends: Devnarayan is believed to have been born out of divine intervention and is known for his miracles and heroic deeds. His worship is particularly associated with fertility, prosperity, and protection from evil forces.

3. Maharana Pratap

• Region: Mewar (particularly in Udaipur, Chittorgarh, and Haldighati).
• Significance: Maharana Pratap is one of the most revered figures in Rajasthan and is considered a symbol of courage, honor, and bravery. While he was a real historical figure, his transformation into a Lokdevta has occurred over centuries due to his heroics during the Battle of Haldighati and his struggle against the Mughal Empire.
• Legends: Maharana Pratap’s battle for the freedom of his people and his fight against the Mughals have earned him a divine status, and he is worshipped as a god by many Rajputs in the region.

4. Gogaji

• Region: Gogamedi (located in Sri Ganganagar district).
• Significance: Gogaji, also known as Gogaji Maharaj, is a Rajasthani folk deity who is believed to be a snake god and is highly revered by the Rajput and Gurjar communities. He is worshipped as a protector deity and is believed to have special powers in protecting people from snakes and diseases.
• Legends: Gogaji is said to have been a human turned divine after his death, and his miracles are often associated with snakebite healing and the protection of animals.

5. Keshariji

• Region: Sikar, Jhunjhunu, and surrounding areas.
• Significance: Keshariji is considered a deity of fertility and prosperity, worshipped primarily by the Marwari community. He is seen as a protector who ensures good harvests and well-being for the community.
• Legends: The god is associated with stories of miraculous events that brought prosperity to the local people, making him one of the prominent deities of the region.

6. Bheru Ji

• Region: Sawai Madhopur, Bundi, and surrounding areas.
• Significance: Bheru Ji is a local deity associated with protection, safety, and blessings. He is often worshipped by farmers and villagers who seek his protection from illness, accidents, and natural calamities.
• Legends: Bheru Ji is often linked to tales of miracles and is thought to have been a warrior or a saint who brought safety and peace to the people.

7. Rani Sati

• Region: Jhunjhunu, Churu, and other areas of Shekhawati region.
• Significance: Rani Sati is revered as a goddess of self-sacrifice and devotion. Her shrine at Rani Sati Temple in Jhunjhunu is one of the most prominent pilgrimage sites.
• Legends: The legend of Rani Sati is about a queen who committed sati (self-immolation) in the face of adversity, and over time, she has been transformed into a Lokdevta representing strength and honor.

8. Tejaji

• Region: Nagaur, Ajmer, and Jodhpur.
• Significance: Tejaji is another revered folk deity in Rajasthan, often worshipped by the Rajputs and farmers. He is considered a protector deity who guards animals, especially cattle, and is also believed to protect people from diseases and misfortune.
• Legends: Tejaji is believed to have been a brave warrior and snake god who performed miracles. His temples and shrines are widely spread across Rajasthan.

9. Khatushyam Ji

• Region: Khatu, near Sikar.
• Significance: Khatushyam Ji, also known as Shyam Baba, is one of the most widely worshipped Lokdevtas in Rajasthan, particularly in the Shekhawati region. His temple in Khatu is a famous pilgrimage site.
• Legends: Khatushyam Ji is believed to be an incarnation of Barbareek, a warrior from the Mahabharata who was known for his extreme devotion and bravery.

10. Bhairon Ji

• Region: Rajasthan (particularly in the regions of Udaipur and Ajmer).
• Significance: Bhairon Ji is worshipped as a guardian deity and a god of protection. He is often revered as a fearsome yet benevolent figure who protects the devotees from evil spirits.
• Legends: Bhairon Ji is said to have been a fierce warrior who became a god after his death, with powers to ward off evil spirits and provide protection to his followers.

REET 2024 Sample Questions for Maths

• The sum of two numbers is 96. If one number is three times the other, what is the larger number?
  a) 24
  b) 72
  c) 48
  d) 64

  • Answer b)

• What will be the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of 48 and 72?
  a) 48
  b) 72
  c) 144
  d) 96

  • Answer c)

• A student bought 50 items at ₹12 each and sold them at ₹15 each. What is the total profit percentage?
  a) 20%
  b) 25%
  c) 30%
  d) 35%

  • Answer b)

• The three angles of a triangle are 40°, 60°, and x°. What is the value of x?
  a) 60°
  b) 80°
  c) 100°
  d) 120°

  • Answer b)

• The area of a square is 256 cm². What will be the length of each side of the square?
  a) 12 cm
  b) 14 cm
  c) 16 cm
  d) 18 cm

  • Answer c)

• The length and breadth of a rectangular field are 120 meters and 80 meters, respectively. How much wire is required to fence the field?
  a) 200 meters
  b) 400 meters
  c) 500 meters
  d) 600 meters

  • Answer b)

• The attendance of students in a class over the week is as follows: Monday – 40, Tuesday – 38, Wednesday – 42, Thursday – 36, Friday – 44. What is the average attendance?
  a) 38
  b) 40
  c) 42
  d) 44

  • Answer b)

• A coin is tossed 100 times, resulting in 60 heads and 40 tails. What is the probability of getting tails?
  a) 0.4
  b) 0.5
  c) 0.6
  d) 0.7

  • Answer a)

• What should a teacher do to encourage students to solve mathematical problems?
  a) Ask them to memorize formulas
  b) Provide practical examples
  c) Pose challenging questions
  d) Read directly from textbooks

  • Answer b)

• Why is ‘group activity’ used in teaching mathematics?
  a) To assess students
  b) To develop team spirit
  c) To increase study pressure
  d) To force students to memorize concepts

  • Answer b)

d