Development

1. Why do different persons have different notions of development?

(a) Because people are identical
(b) Because people are different
(c) Because all have the same needs
(d) Because life situations of persons are identical
Answer: (b)

2. Which of the following is not a developmental goal?

(a) Better wages
(b) Social discrimination
(c) Freedom and security
(d) Respect for others
Answer: (b)

3. What does Per Capita Income measure?

(a) Total income of the country
(b) Total population of the country
(c) Average income per person
(d) Total GDP
Answer: (c)

4. What is the most common method of measuring economic development?

(a) Literacy rate
(b) Per Capita Income
(c) Life expectancy
(d) Attendance ratio
Answer: (b)

5. Which organization publishes the Human Development Report?

(a) World Bank
(b) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
(c) Government of India
(d) Reserve Bank of India
Answer: (b)

6. What does Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) indicate?

(a) Deaths of children below five years
(b) Deaths of children before one year per 1,000 live births
(c) Total number of infants in a country
(d) Percentage of children not attending school
Answer: (b)

7. Why is income alone not an adequate indicator of development?

(a) It doesn’t measure environmental sustainability
(b) It ignores non-material aspects like freedom and security
(c) It is not based on GDP
(d) It is difficult to calculate
Answer: (b)

8. Which of the following is a feature of developed countries?

(a) Low per capita income
(b) High life expectancy
(c) Low literacy rates
(d) High Infant Mortality Rate
Answer: (b)

9. What does the term “Purchasing Power Parity” refer to?

(a) Equal wages for everyone
(b) Comparison of per capita income using the value of goods a dollar can buy
(c) Economic equality among countries
(d) Exchange rates of currencies
Answer: (b)

10. Which state in India has the highest per capita income according to the data?

(a) Haryana
(b) Kerala
(c) Bihar
(d) Uttar Pradesh
Answer: (a)

11. Which state in India had the lowest per capita income in the given data?

(a) Kerala
(b) Bihar
(c) Haryana
(d) Punjab
Answer: (b)

12. What is the literacy rate in Kerala according to the given data?

(a) 82%
(b) 94%
(c) 61%
(d) 54%
Answer: (b)

13. What is the Net Attendance Ratio in Kerala for secondary education?

(a) 61%
(b) 82%
(c) 83%
(d) 94%
Answer: (c)

14. Why is Kerala’s Infant Mortality Rate lower than Haryana’s?

(a) Higher per capita income
(b) Better public health and education facilities
(c) Fewer births per year
(d) Higher employment rate
Answer: (b)

15. What do countries with higher per capita income indicate?

(a) They are less developed
(b) They have more resources
(c) They are more developed
(d) They are populous
Answer: (c)

16. Which of the following is an example of a non-material goal?

(a) Better wages
(b) Security and freedom
(c) Owning a car
(d) Buying a house
Answer: (b)

17. What is the key limitation of using average income as a measure of development?

(a) It is difficult to calculate
(b) It doesn’t account for population size
(c) It ignores income disparities
(d) It includes all countries equally
Answer: (c)

18. Why is collective provision of goods and services often cheaper?

(a) It reduces individual spending
(b) It minimizes resource usage
(c) It ensures equality
(d) It requires less planning
Answer: (a)

19. Which of these is not an attribute of Human Development?

(a) Health
(b) Education
(c) Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
(d) Freedom
Answer: (c)

20. Which neighboring country has a better HDI rank than India?

(a) Nepal
(b) Pakistan
(c) Sri Lanka
(d) Myanmar
Answer: (c)

21. What does the term “Life Expectancy” refer to?

(a) The age at which most people die
(b) The average expected lifespan of a person at birth
(c) The percentage of people aged above 60
(d) The total years of schooling expected
Answer: (b)

22. Why is sustainability important in development?

(a) It ensures present growth
(b) It preserves resources for future generations
(c) It focuses on income only
(d) It increases GDP
Answer: (b)

23. Which of these is a renewable resource?

(a) Crude oil
(b) Coal
(c) Groundwater
(d) Natural gas
Answer: (c)

24. How is HDI different from the World Bank’s criterion for measuring development?

(a) It uses only income as an indicator
(b) It includes health and education indicators
(c) It ranks countries based on military power
(d) It excludes poor countries
Answer: (b)

25. What is the HDI rank of India as per the given data?

(a) 129
(b) 132
(c) 161
(d) 143
Answer: (b)

26. What is the Gross National Income (GNI) per capita of Sri Lanka in the provided data?

(a) $6,590
(b) $12,578
(c) $3,851
(d) $5,472
Answer: (b)

27. Which of these states had the highest Net Attendance Ratio at the secondary level?

(a) Bihar
(b) Haryana
(c) Kerala
(d) Uttar Pradesh
Answer: (c)

28. What does Body Mass Index (BMI) measure?

(a) The proportion of undernourished children
(b) The weight-to-height ratio
(c) The average income of individuals
(d) The literacy rate of individuals
Answer: (b)

29. Which of the following is an example of environmental degradation?

(a) Use of solar panels
(b) Pollution of rivers
(c) Construction of schools
(d) Planting trees
Answer: (b)

30. Why is groundwater overused in India?

(a) It is cheap and easily accessible
(b) It is a non-renewable resource
(c) Rainfall replenishes it instantly
(d) It is not used for agriculture
Answer: (a)

31. What is the literacy rate for rural males in Uttar Pradesh according to the data?

(a) 90%
(b) 76%
(c) 85%
(d) 54%
Answer: (b)

32. What percentage of rural children aged 10-14 years attended school in Uttar Pradesh?

(a) 54%
(b) 76%
(c) 85%
(d) 82%
Answer: (c)

33. What is a significant factor influencing public health and education facilities?

(a) Government spending alone
(b) Collective provisions and community participation
(c) Private investment only
(d) Geographical factors only
Answer: (b)

34. What is the limitation of non-renewable resources like crude oil?

(a) They cannot be replenished
(b) They are abundant
(c) They are cheap
(d) They have infinite reserves
Answer: (a)

35. What should be India’s focus to become a developed country?

(a) Increase GDP only
(b) Provide equal opportunities and improve public facilities
(c) Build more industries
(d) Reduce the population
Answer: (b)

36. Which state had the lowest Net Attendance Ratio in secondary education?

(a) Bihar
(b) Haryana
(c) Kerala
(d) Uttar Pradesh
Answer: (a)

37. What percentage of people in Madhya Pradesh have a BMI below normal?

(a) 8.5%
(b) 28%
(c) 21%
(d) 17%
Answer: (b)

38. Why do people have conflicting developmental goals?

(a) Due to similar aspirations
(b) Because resources are limited
(c) Because different individuals prioritize differently
(d) Everyone wants the same thing
Answer: (c)

39. What is an example of collective goods provision?

(a) Hiring a private tutor for one child
(b) Building a community school
(c) Purchasing personal vehicles
(d) Renting private apartments
Answer: (b)

40. How can income disparities be reduced in a country?

(a) By increasing the per capita income
(b) Through equitable distribution of wealth and resources
(c) By encouraging industrial growth
(d) Through privatization
Answer: (b)

41. What is the literacy rate for rural females in Uttar Pradesh according to the data?

(a) 76%
(b) 54%
(c) 85%
(d) 82%
Answer: (b)

42. What does the term “Net Attendance Ratio” mean?

(a) Number of schools in a state
(b) Proportion of children in school in a specific age group
(c) Number of teachers per school
(d) Total attendance in a district
Answer: (b)

43. Which of the following contributes to better Human Development Index rankings?

(a) High population
(b) High per capita income, health, and education
(c) Military power
(d) Industrial growth alone
Answer: (b)

44. What is a consequence of overusing groundwater?

(a) Replenishment becomes faster
(b) Water availability for future generations reduces
(c) Groundwater remains unaffected
(d) It creates surplus water reserves
Answer: (b)

45. What was India’s HDI rank as per the provided data?

(a) 73
(b) 132
(c) 129
(d) 161
Answer: (b)

46. Which country among India’s neighbors has the lowest life expectancy?

(a) Sri Lanka
(b) Myanmar
(c) Bangladesh
(d) Pakistan
Answer: (b)

47. Which state had the highest Infant Mortality Rate?

(a) Kerala
(b) Bihar
(c) Haryana
(d) Punjab
Answer: (c)

48. Why is the Human Development Index considered better than just per capita income?

(a) It includes military strength
(b) It considers health and education along with income
(c) It focuses on GDP growth
(d) It only ranks rich countries
Answer: (b)

49. What does sustainable development focus on?

(a) Present needs only
(b) Future needs only
(c) Balancing present and future needs
(d) Increasing GDP rapidly
Answer: (c)

50. Which country had the highest GNI per capita in the given data?

(a) Sri Lanka
(b) Bangladesh
(c) India
(d) Nepal
Answer: (a)

51. Why is education considered a key component of human development?

(a) It increases national income
(b) It enhances individual well-being and skills
(c) It reduces environmental degradation
(d) It promotes industrial growth
Answer: (b)

52. What is the primary aim of sustainability?

(a) To reduce population
(b) To preserve resources for future generations
(c) To maximize industrialization
(d) To focus on urban development
Answer: (b)

53. Which resource is a non-renewable one?

(a) Solar energy
(b) Crude oil
(c) Groundwater
(d) Wind energy
Answer: (b)

54. What does the term “mean years of schooling” indicate?

(a) The average number of years children are expected to stay in school
(b) The total number of schools in a country
(c) The highest grade level achieved in a country
(d) The percentage of school-going children
Answer: (a)

55. Why is collective provision of healthcare important?

(a) It ensures affordability for all
(b) It is managed by private organizations
(c) It promotes individual spending
(d) It focuses on urban areas only
Answer: (a)

56. What is the role of the Public Distribution System (PDS)?

(a) To distribute private goods
(b) To ensure food security
(c) To promote industrial products
(d) To reduce pollution
Answer: (b)

57. What is the per capita income of Bihar in the given data?

(a) Rs. 40,982
(b) Rs. 2,36,147
(c) Rs. 2,04,105
(d) Rs. 60,000
Answer: (a)

58. What is a key limitation of using per capita income to measure development?

(a) It measures only economic growth
(b) It is complex to calculate
(c) It accounts for income distribution
(d) It excludes GDP calculations
Answer: (a)

59. Which country in the data has the highest life expectancy?

(a) Sri Lanka
(b) Bangladesh
(c) Nepal
(d) India
Answer: (a)

60. What does the term “Infant Mortality Rate” reflect?

(a) Death rate of all age groups
(b) Deaths of children under one year per 1,000 live births
(c) The proportion of people over 60
(d) Literacy rate of parents
Answer: (b)

61. What is an important goal for national development?

(a) Increasing military strength
(b) Focusing only on industrial growth
(c) Improving income, health, and education collectively
(d) Privatizing public resources
Answer: (c)

62. What percentage of rural girls aged 10-14 in Uttar Pradesh attended school?

(a) 85%
(b) 54%
(c) 82%
(d) 76%
Answer: (c)

63. Which of these is a limitation of averages?

(a) They show disparities in data
(b) They hide disparities in distribution
(c) They focus on individual data
(d) They are always inaccurate
Answer: (b)

64. What is the literacy rate of rural children aged 10-14 in Uttar Pradesh?

(a) 85%
(b) 90%
(c) 87%
(d) 82%
Answer: (b)

65. What is one feature of sustainable development?

(a) Overusing non-renewable resources
(b) Balancing economic growth and resource conservation
(c) Reducing GDP
(d) Promoting unplanned urbanization
Answer: (b)

66. Which of these is an example of sustainable development?

(a) Overusing groundwater for irrigation
(b) Promoting renewable energy sources
(c) Increasing deforestation for urbanization
(d) Mining non-renewable resources aggressively
Answer: (b)

67. Which country among India’s neighbors had the lowest HDI rank in the data?

(a) Sri Lanka
(b) Myanmar
(c) Bangladesh
(d) Pakistan
Answer: (d)

68. What is a possible consequence of environmental degradation?

(a) Improved agricultural yield
(b) Increased life expectancy
(c) Loss of biodiversity and resource scarcity
(d) Reduction in pollution levels
Answer: (c)

69. What is the primary reason for conflicts in developmental goals?

(a) Limited resources and differing priorities
(b) Lack of education
(c) Uniform aspirations among individuals
(d) Absence of governance
Answer: (a)

70. What is the HDI rank of Nepal in the given data?

(a) 132
(b) 143
(c) 161
(d) 129
Answer: (b)

71. Why is crude oil considered a non-renewable resource?

(a) It is abundant
(b) It takes millions of years to form
(c) It is renewable annually
(d) It can be replaced easily
Answer: (b)

72. Which factor is least relevant in comparing human development?

(a) Health
(b) Military strength
(c) Education
(d) Income
Answer: (b)

73. What does equitable distribution of income aim to achieve?

(a) Concentration of wealth among a few
(b) Reduction in poverty and inequality
(c) Higher GDP growth only
(d) Uniform military spending
Answer: (b)

74. What is the GNI per capita of India in the provided data?

(a) $6,590
(b) $12,578
(c) $5,472
(d) $3,877
Answer: (a)

75. Why is it essential to measure human development?

(a) To focus only on industrial growth
(b) To improve living standards and opportunities
(c) To reduce literacy rates
(d) To increase the GDP directly
Answer: (b)

76. What is the Infant Mortality Rate of Kerala in the data?

(a) 30 per 1,000 live births
(b) 7 per 1,000 live births
(c) 40 per 1,000 live births
(d) 15 per 1,000 live births
Answer: (b)

77. Why is life expectancy important for development?

(a) It indicates how long resources will last
(b) It reflects the health and quality of life in a country
(c) It focuses on economic growth
(d) It shows the literacy rate of a population
Answer: (b)

78. Which of these is a limitation of GDP as a development measure?

(a) It includes non-material aspects
(b) It reflects inequalities
(c) It focuses on collective well-being
(d) It excludes health and education factors
Answer: (d)

79. Which country had the highest mean years of schooling in the data?

(a) Bangladesh
(b) Sri Lanka
(c) India
(d) Nepal
Answer: (b)

80. Which type of resources can be replenished naturally?

(a) Renewable resources
(b) Non-renewable resources
(c) Fossil fuels
(d) Crude oil reserves
Answer: (a)

81. Why is education a key factor in reducing poverty?

(a) It increases GDP directly
(b) It provides skills and employment opportunities
(c) It focuses on health only
(d) It reduces environmental issues
Answer: (b)

82. What does the Human Development Index emphasize?

(a) Military strength and GDP growth
(b) Income, health, and education
(c) Population size and literacy rates
(d) Resource utilization
Answer: (b)

83. What is an example of a non-material goal?

(a) Better wages
(b) Social respect and equality
(c) Ownership of property
(d) Economic growth
Answer: (b)

84. Why is collective health provision cheaper than individual provision?

(a) It reduces the need for government spending
(b) It benefits a larger population collectively
(c) It focuses only on urban areas
(d) It requires fewer doctors
Answer: (b)

85. What does the term “sustainability” mean?

(a) Rapid resource depletion
(b) Meeting needs without compromising future generations
(c) Focusing on present needs only
(d) Ignoring environmental concerns
Answer: (b)

86. What is the literacy rate for males in Uttar Pradesh?

(a) 85%
(b) 76%
(c) 82%
(d) 90%
Answer: (b)

87. What does the term “average income” fail to reflect?

(a) Total population
(b) Distribution of income
(c) GDP of a country
(d) Total income of a nation
Answer: (b)

88. Which of these is an example of environmental sustainability?

(a) Planting trees to prevent deforestation
(b) Over-mining coal reserves
(c) Using fossil fuels extensively
(d) Dumping industrial waste into rivers
Answer: (a)

89. What is a feature of developed countries?

(a) High Infant Mortality Rate
(b) Low literacy rate
(c) High life expectancy and HDI
(d) Unequal income distribution
Answer: (c)

90. What is a significant disadvantage of non-renewable resources?

(a) They replenish quickly
(b) They are infinite in supply
(c) They take millions of years to form
(d) They are renewable annually
Answer: (c)

91. What is the main focus of the Human Development Report?

(a) Income and economic growth
(b) Health, education, and standard of living
(c) Population density and GDP
(d) Agricultural and industrial growth
Answer: (b)

92. Which country has a higher HDI rank than India?

(a) Bangladesh
(b) Nepal
(c) Sri Lanka
(d) Myanmar
Answer: (c)

93. Why is groundwater a renewable resource?

(a) It replenishes naturally through rainfall
(b) It is non-exhaustible
(c) It doesn’t require conservation
(d) It is a man-made resource
Answer: (a)

94. Why is literacy an important development indicator?

(a) It increases GDP directly
(b) It provides employment
(c) It reflects access to education and opportunities
(d) It focuses on health
Answer: (c)

95. What is the per capita income of Haryana in the given data?

(a) Rs. 40,982
(b) Rs. 2,36,147
(c) Rs. 2,04,105
(d) Rs. 60,000
Answer: (b)

96. What is the primary benefit of renewable resources?

(a) They are limited in supply
(b) They are replenished naturally
(c) They deplete after use
(d) They are expensive to use
Answer: (b)

97. What is a feature of underdeveloped countries?

(a) High life expectancy
(b) Low per capita income and literacy rates
(c) Equitable distribution of resources
(d) High HDI
Answer: (b)

98. Why is life expectancy considered in HDI rankings?

(a) It indicates economic stability
(b) It reflects the health and quality of life in a country
(c) It shows population size
(d) It focuses on literacy levels
Answer: (b)

99. What does the term “per capita income” mean?

(a) Income earned by a single family
(b) Total income divided by the total population
(c) GDP of a nation
(d) Average literacy rate of a nation
Answer: (b)

100. Why is environmental conservation essential for development?

(a) It increases income
(b) It ensures resources for future generations
(c) It focuses on education
(d) It reduces population
Answer: (b)