Carbon and its Compounds

What is the percentage of carbon present in the Earth’s crust?
a) 0.02%
b) 0.03%
c) 2%
d) 3%
Answer: a) 0.02%

Carbon achieves noble gas configuration by:
a) Gaining four electrons
b) Losing four electrons
c) Sharing four electrons
d) Donating four electrons
Answer: c) Sharing four electrons

What is the atomic number of carbon?
a) 4
b) 6
c) 8
d) 10
Answer: b) 6

Covalent bonds are formed by:
a) Transfer of electrons
b) Sharing of electrons
c) Exchange of protons
d) Loss of neutrons
Answer: b) Sharing of electrons

The electron dot structure of hydrogen (H₂) represents:
a) A triple bond
b) A single bond
c) A double bond
d) No bond
Answer: b) A single bond

Diamond is:
a) A poor conductor of electricity
b) A good conductor of electricity
c) Highly malleable
d) Very reactive
Answer: a) A poor conductor of electricity

Graphite is a:
a) Non-metal
b) Poor conductor of electricity
c) Very reactive substance
d) Good conductor of electricity
Answer: d) Good conductor of electricity

Fullerenes are:
a) Allotropes of carbon
b) Compounds of hydrogen
c) Ionic compounds
d) Metals
Answer: a) Allotropes of carbon

What property enables carbon to form a large number of compounds?
a) High atomic mass
b) Catenation
c) Low reactivity
d) Ionic bonding
Answer: b) Catenation

Compounds with single bonds between carbon atoms are called:
a) Alkanes
b) Alkenes
c) Alkynes
d) Aromatics
Answer: a) Alkanes

What is the molecular formula of methane?
a) CH
b) CH₄
c) C₂H₆
d) C₃H₈
Answer: b) CH₄

Carbon-carbon double bonds are found in:
a) Alkanes
b) Alkenes
c) Alkynes
d) Saturated hydrocarbons
Answer: b) Alkenes

What is the general formula of alkanes?
a) CnH₂n
b) CnH₂n+2
c) CnH₂n-2
d) CnH₂nO₂
Answer: b) CnH₂n+2

What is the structure of benzene?
a) Straight chain
b) Branched chain
c) Ring
d) Tetrahedral
Answer: c) Ring

Which of these is a functional group?
a) —OH
b) —H₂
c) —CH₂
d) —C
Answer: a) —OH

Alcohols have the functional group:
a) —COOH
b) —OH
c) —CHO
d) —CO
Answer: b) —OH

Which of the following is an aldehyde?
a) Ethanol
b) Ethanal
c) Ethanoic acid
d) Methane
Answer: b) Ethanal

The formula for ethanoic acid is:
a) CH₃COOH
b) CH₄
c) C₂H₅OH
d) C₃H₆
Answer: a) CH₃COOH

Saturated hydrocarbons are also known as:
a) Alkanes
b) Alkenes
c) Alkynes
d) Aromatic compounds
Answer: a) Alkanes

Ethanol reacts with sodium to form:
a) Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen
b) Sodium hydroxide and water
c) Sodium carbonate and oxygen
d) Sodium acetate and carbon dioxide
Answer: a) Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen

The reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid produces:
a) A ketone
b) An ester
c) An aldehyde
d) A hydrocarbon
Answer: b) An ester

The process of hydrogenation involves:
a) Addition of oxygen
b) Addition of hydrogen
c) Removal of hydrogen
d) Removal of oxygen
Answer: b) Addition of hydrogen

Combustion of methane produces:
a) CO₂ and H₂O
b) CO and O₂
c) H₂ and CH₄
d) CO and H₂O
Answer: a) CO₂ and H₂O

The melting point of ethanoic acid is:
a) 290 K
b) 273 K
c) 250 K
d) 298 K
Answer: a) 290 K

The term “micelle” refers to:
a) A ring of hydrocarbons
b) A cluster of soap molecules
c) An ion formed in hard water
d) A solvent mixture
Answer: b) A cluster of soap molecules

What type of reaction occurs when ethanol reacts with sodium?
a) Substitution
b) Oxidation
c) Neutralization
d) Displacement
Answer: d) Displacement

The boiling point of ethanol is:
a) 156 K
b) 351 K
c) 391 K
d) 290 K
Answer: b) 351 K

What is the functional group of ketones?
a) —OH
b) —CO
c) —CHO
d) —COOH
Answer: b) —CO

Unsaturated hydrocarbons have:
a) Single bonds only
b) Double or triple bonds
c) Ionic bonds
d) Hydrogen bonds
Answer: b) Double or triple bonds

Which of these is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
a) Ethane
b) Ethene
c) Methane
d) Propane
Answer: b) Ethene

Which of the following is a test for saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?
a) Bromine water test
b) Litmus paper test
c) Lime water test
d) Benedict’s test
Answer: a) Bromine water test

What are the products of the combustion of ethanol?
a) CO₂ and H₂O
b) CO and O₂
c) H₂ and CO₂
d) H₂O and CH₄
Answer: a) CO₂ and H₂O

Which element is always present in organic compounds?
a) Carbon
b) Nitrogen
c) Sulfur
d) Phosphorus
Answer: a) Carbon

Which of the following is a carboxylic acid?
a) CH₃COOH
b) CH₄
c) C₂H₆
d) CH₃CH₂OH
Answer: a) CH₃COOH

What is saponification?
a) Conversion of an ester into soap
b) Formation of ethanol from sugar
c) Addition of hydrogen to oils
d) Removal of water from alcohol
Answer: a) Conversion of an ester into soap

Which of the following is a characteristic property of covalent compounds?
a) High melting points
b) Conduct electricity
c) Poor conductors of electricity
d) Form strong electrolytes
Answer: c) Poor conductors of electricity

The term “denatured alcohol” refers to ethanol mixed with:
a) Methanol
b) Water
c) Acetic acid
d) Sodium chloride
Answer: a) Methanol

Which catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of vegetable oils?
a) Platinum
b) Nickel
c) Palladium
d) Copper
Answer: b) Nickel

What is the electron dot structure for methane?
a) Four hydrogen atoms surrounding one carbon atom
b) Two carbon atoms joined by a triple bond
c) A hexagonal structure with alternating double bonds
d) Three hydrogen atoms surrounding one nitrogen atom
Answer: a) Four hydrogen atoms surrounding one carbon atom

Which of the following is an allotrope of carbon?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Diamond
c) Carbon monoxide
d) Carbonate
Answer: b) Diamond

What is the general formula for alkenes?
a) CnH₂n+2
b) CnH₂n
c) CnH₂n-2
d) CnH₂nO
Answer: b) CnH₂n

Which compound is used as a preservative in pickles?
a) Ethanoic acid
b) Ethanol
c) Propane
d) Methane
Answer: a) Ethanoic acid

Which of the following hydrocarbons undergoes addition reactions?
a) C₂H₆
b) C₃H₈
c) C₃H₆
d) CH₄
Answer: c) C₃H₆

What does the term “vital force” refer to in the history of organic chemistry?
a) A mystical force required to synthesize organic compounds
b) The force binding covalent bonds
c) The energy released during combustion
d) The property of forming salts
Answer: a) A mystical force required to synthesize organic compounds

What type of bond is present in ethyne?
a) Single bond
b) Double bond
c) Triple bond
d) Ionic bond
Answer: c) Triple bond

Which of the following is a homologous series?
a) Ethanol, ethanoic acid, methanoic acid
b) Methane, ethane, propane
c) Benzene, ethene, acetylene
d) Water, hydrogen peroxide, ozone
Answer: b) Methane, ethane, propane

Which of these is a property of diamond?
a) Good conductor of heat and electricity
b) Hardest natural substance
c) Composed of hexagonal rings
d) Formed by weak covalent bonds
Answer: b) Hardest natural substance

The gas evolved when ethanol reacts with sodium is:
a) Hydrogen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Methane
d) Ethane
Answer: a) Hydrogen

Which of the following is an esterification reaction?
a) Acid + Alcohol → Ester + Water
b) Acid + Base → Salt + Water
c) Hydrocarbon + Oxygen → CO₂ + H₂O
d) Alkene + Hydrogen → Alkane
Answer: a) Acid + Alcohol → Ester + Water

Which of the following compounds has the highest boiling point?
a) Methane
b) Ethanol
c) Ethanoic acid
d) Propane
Answer: c) Ethanoic acid

What type of hydrocarbon is ethene?
a) Alkane
b) Alkene
c) Alkyne
d) Aromatic hydrocarbon
Answer: b) Alkene

What is the structure of graphite?
a) Tetrahedral arrangement of carbon atoms
b) Layers of hexagonal rings
c) Closed cage-like structure
d) Cubic arrangement of carbon atoms
Answer: b) Layers of hexagonal rings

Which of these is a saturated hydrocarbon?
a) Methane
b) Ethene
c) Ethyne
d) Benzene
Answer: a) Methane

Which compound has the formula C₂H₅OH?
a) Methanol
b) Ethanol
c) Propanol
d) Ethanoic acid
Answer: b) Ethanol

What does an aldehyde functional group contain?
a) —OH
b) —CHO
c) —CO
d) —COOH
Answer: b) —CHO

The chemical formula of butane is:
a) C₄H₆
b) C₄H₈
c) C₄H₁₀
d) C₄H₄
Answer: c) C₄H₁₀

What happens when a hydrocarbon undergoes combustion?
a) It forms oxygen
b) It releases water and carbon dioxide
c) It produces nitrogen gas
d) It absorbs energy
Answer: b) It releases water and carbon dioxide

Which property of carbon allows it to form millions of compounds?
a) High reactivity
b) Large atomic size
c) Ability to catenate
d) Metallic character
Answer: c) Ability to catenate

How many covalent bonds are present in ethane (C₂H₆)?
a) 6
b) 7
c) 8
d) 9
Answer: d) 9

The test for carbon dioxide involves:
a) Turning limewater milky
b) Using red litmus paper
c) Using bromine water
d) Observing blue flame
Answer: a) Turning limewater milky

What type of bond exists in ethyne?
a) Single bond
b) Double bond
c) Triple bond
d) Hydrogen bond
Answer: c) Triple bond

What is the general formula for alkynes?
a) CnH₂n+2
b) CnH₂n
c) CnH₂n-2
d) CnH₂nO₂
Answer: c) CnH₂n-2

Which compound is known as glacial acetic acid?
a) Ethanol
b) Ethanoic acid
c) Propanoic acid
d) Methanoic acid
Answer: b) Ethanoic acid

The formula of cyclohexane is:
a) C₅H₁₀
b) C₆H₁₂
c) C₇H₁₄
d) C₆H₆
Answer: b) C₆H₁₂

Which compound is commonly used as a fuel in LPG?
a) Propane
b) Methane
c) Ethane
d) Ethanol
Answer: a) Propane

Which of the following is an ionic compound?
a) Ethanol
b) Sodium chloride
c) Methane
d) Ethanoic acid
Answer: b) Sodium chloride

Why is graphite a good conductor of electricity?
a) It has free ions
b) It contains delocalized electrons
c) It has ionic bonds
d) It contains free protons
Answer: b) It contains delocalized electrons

Which property is not associated with carbon compounds?
a) High melting points
b) Covalent bonding
c) Poor electrical conductivity
d) Catenation
Answer: a) High melting points

The process of converting vegetable oil into solid fat is called:
a) Combustion
b) Saponification
c) Hydrogenation
d) Esterification
Answer: c) Hydrogenation

Ethanol can be converted to ethene by:
a) Oxidation
b) Reduction
c) Dehydration
d) Hydrogenation
Answer: c) Dehydration

Which compound is used in perfumes due to its sweet smell?
a) Alcohol
b) Ester
c) Ketone
d) Acid
Answer: b) Ester

What is formed when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate?
a) Hydrogen
b) Oxygen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Methane
Answer: c) Carbon dioxide

What is the main component of biogas?
a) Ethane
b) Propane
c) Methane
d) Butane
Answer: c) Methane

Which of the following hydrocarbons is aromatic?
a) Methane
b) Ethene
c) Benzene
d) Propane
Answer: c) Benzene

What is the IUPAC name for CH₃CHO?
a) Methanal
b) Ethanal
c) Propanal
d) Ethanol
Answer: b) Ethanal

Which compound has a triple bond between carbon atoms?
a) Methane
b) Ethyne
c) Ethene
d) Propane
Answer: b) Ethyne

What is the functional group in carboxylic acids?
a) —OH
b) —CHO
c) —COOH
d) —CO
Answer: c) —COOH

What is the common name of ethanoic acid?
a) Vinegar
b) Alcohol
c) Acetone
d) Methane
Answer: a) Vinegar

What is the name of the simplest hydrocarbon?
a) Ethane
b) Methane
c) Propane
d) Butane
Answer: b) Methane

Which reaction involves the replacement of a hydrogen atom with chlorine in sunlight?
a) Substitution reaction
b) Addition reaction
c) Dehydration reaction
d) Oxidation reaction
Answer: a) Substitution reaction

Which of the following compounds forms micelles?
a) Soap
b) Ethanol
c) Acetic acid
d) Methane
Answer: a) Soap

Which compound contains only carbon and hydrogen?
a) Hydrocarbon
b) Alcohol
c) Ester
d) Carboxylic acid
Answer: a) Hydrocarbon

Why is agitation necessary in washing clothes?
a) To increase the foam formation
b) To remove dirt from the fabric
c) To neutralize the soap
d) To dry the clothes faster
Answer: b) To remove dirt from the fabric

Which is a feature of detergents?
a) They are ineffective in hard water
b) They form scum in water
c) They are sodium salts of sulphonic acids
d) They are salts of long-chain carboxylic acids
Answer: c) They are sodium salts of sulphonic acids

The sweet smell of esters is used in:
a) Fuels
b) Perfumes
c) Soaps
d) Detergents
Answer: b) Perfumes

The functional group of alcohol is:
a) —OH
b) —CHO
c) —COOH
d) —CO
Answer: a) —OH

Which of the following is not a characteristic of covalent compounds?
a) Low boiling points
b) Poor electrical conductivity
c) High melting points
d) Solubility in organic solvents
Answer: c) High melting points

What is the formula for propane?
a) C₃H₈
b) C₂H₆
c) CH₄
d) C₄H₁₀
Answer: a) C₃H₈

What is an allotrope of carbon?
a) Ethanol
b) Methane
c) Graphite
d) Carbon dioxide
Answer: c) Graphite

What does a homologous series have in common?
a) Same functional group
b) Same boiling points
c) Same molecular mass
d) Same physical state
Answer: a) Same functional group

What is the molecular formula for ethanoic acid?
a) CH₃COOH
b) C₂H₆
c) C₂H₅OH
d) CH₄
Answer: a) CH₃COOH

The addition of hydrogen to ethene forms:
a) Ethyne
b) Ethanol
c) Ethane
d) Methane
Answer: c) Ethane

What is the formula for butyne?
a) C₄H₆
b) C₄H₈
c) C₄H₁₀
d) C₄H₄
Answer: a) C₄H₆

What is the main use of ethanol in industry?
a) As a fuel
b) As a solvent
c) As a food preservative
d) As an oxidizing agent
Answer: b) As a solvent

What type of reaction is hydrogenation?
a) Substitution
b) Oxidation
c) Addition
d) Reduction
Answer: c) Addition

Which of the following is not a fossil fuel?
a) Methane
b) Petroleum
c) Coal
d) Ethanol
Answer: d) Ethanol

Which test is used to identify ethanoic acid?
a) Litmus paper test
b) Bromine water test
c) Limewater test
d) Reaction with sodium bicarbonate
Answer: d) Reaction with sodium bicarbonate

What is the hybridization of carbon in methane?
a) sp
b) sp²
c) sp³
d) sp³d
Answer: c) sp³

Which hydrocarbon has the formula C₂H₂?
a) Ethene
b) Ethyne
c) Ethane
d) Methane
Answer: b) Ethyne

The sodium salt of a long-chain carboxylic acid is:
a) Detergent
b) Soap
c) Ester
d) Hydrocarbon
Answer: b) Soap